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Brown V. The Board of Education
Segregation of students was ruled unconstitutional after this case. It also worked as an argument that children with disabilities cannot be excluded from public education (Margiulo, M. R., Bouck, C. E., 2020) -
Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia
Established the constitutional right of children with exceptionalities to public education, matched their needs such as specialized instruction. (Gargiulo, M. R. & Bouck C. E., 2020). -
The Education for All Handicapped Children Act (PL 94-142
This law dictated that all public schools accepting federal funds must provide equal access to education for children with physical and/or mental disabilities. "This paved the way for special education as we know it today" (Brandman University, 2020, para.5). -
the Handicapped Children’s Protection Act (HCPA)
The HCPA amended the EHA to authorize the award of reasonable attorneys’ fees, expenses, and costs to the parents or guardian of a handicapped child or youth who is the prevailing party in a civil suit to protect the child’s right to FAPE. (Brandman University, 2020) -
PL 101-476
The legislation Education for All Handicapped Children Act is changed to the Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). One of its reauthorizations was to establish the requirement of an individualized transition plan by the age of 16. (Gargiulo, M. R. & Bouck, C. E, 2020). -
No Child Left Behind Act
This legislation had the ambition of eventually having all pupils, including those in special education, demonstrating proficiency in mathematics, reading, and science. (Gargiulo, M. R. & Bouck, C. M., 2020) -
the Assistive Technology Act
This act ensures the continued existence of a major source of funding for assistive technology. It was signed by President Bush. The main goal of this act is "to provide assistive technology to persons with disabilities, so they can more fully participate in education, employment, and daily activities on a level playing field with other members of their communities" (Relton, J.,n.d, para.1) -
Winkelman v. Parma City School District
The Supreme Court affirmed the rights of parents to represent their children in IDEA- related court cases. Through this law, the Court also interpreted to mean that IDEA conveys enforceable rights to parents as well as their child. (Gargiulo, M.R. & Bouck, C. E., 2020) -
Every Student Succeeds Act
This Act signed by President Barack Obama retains the emphasis on accountability and high standards of the No Child Left Behind Act, it changes the mechanisms to accomplish these goals. For students with disabilities," it ensures access to the general education curriculum, accommodation on assessments, and the use of universal design for learning principles" (Margiulo, M.R. & Bouck, C. E.,2020, p.48). -
Endrew F. v. Douglas County School District
It stated that an individualized education program has to be "appropriately ambitious" accordingly to the pupil's circumstances and that every student must be given the opportunity to meet challenging objectives. (Gargiulo, M. R. & Boucj, C. E., 2020).
