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The Pact of San Sebastian
The Pact of San Sebastián was a meeting led by Niceto Alcalá which took place in San Sebastián, Spain on August 17. Representatives from practically all republican political movements in Spain were there
At the meeting, a "revolutionary committee" was formed, this committee eventually became the first provisional government of the Second Spanish Republic. The committee was in close contact with a group of soldiers, with the intent of bringing about a military coup d´etat. -
Constitution of 1931
The Spanish Constitution of 1931 was approved by the Constituent Assembly on 9 December. It was the constitution of the Second Spanish Republic and was in force until April 1939. This was the second period of Spanish history in which both head of state and head of government were democratically elected.
The Republic "was the culmination of a process of mass mobilisation and opposition to the old politics of notables.
It created a secular democratic system based on equal rights for all citizens -
Municipal elections
The 1931 Spanish local elections were held on 12 April throughout all Spain municipalities to elect councillors. The Second Spanish Republic was proclaimed after this election.
Since 1923, Spain had been a dictatorship with the approval of the reigning monarch at the time Alfonso XIII. After the end of the Primo de Rivera dictatorship in 1930 and the failure of his successor
establish another dictatorship, in 1931 the new cabinet decided to hold new local elections for first time in nine years. -
Proclamation of the Second Republic
The Provisional Government of the Second Spanish Republic was the government that held political power in Spain from the fall of Alfonso XIII of Spain and the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic until the approval of the Spanish Constitution of 1931 on December. The King's departure created the need for a provisional government, whose first president was Niceto Alcalá Zamora, who presided until 1936. The new constitution established freedom of speech and extended voting to women -
Reformist Biennium
Republican reforms The Republic's new government aimed to transform the country into a decentralised, secular democracy. The most important reforms were: Military reform. The republicans sought to modernise its military operations. It also recognised that there were too many ranking officers. Religious and educational reform. Reforms were implemented to try and reduce the power of the Catholic Church, and its influence on education. All this changes were due to the Reformist Biennium policy. -
Black Biennium
The Revolution of October 1934, was a revolutionary strike movement that took place in October, during the black biennium of the Second Spanish Republic. Most of the events occurred in Catalonia and Asturias and were supported by (PSOE) and (UGT). Historians have argued that the incident sharpened antagonism between the political Right and Left in Spain and was part of the reason for the later Spanish Civil War. -
The Popular front
The Popular Front in Spain's Second Republic was an electoral coalition and pact signed in January 1936 by various left-wing political organizations, instigated by Manuel Azaña for the purpose of contesting that year's election. The Popular Front defeated the National Front and won the 1936 election, forming the new Spanish Government. Manuel Azaña was elected President of the Republic on 1936, but the PSOE didn't join the government because of the opposition of Francisco Largo Caballero -
The start of the Civil War
On July 18, 1936, the Spanish Civil War begins as a revolt by right-wing Spanish military officers in Spanish Morocco and spreads to mainland Spain.General Francisco Franco broadcasts a message calling for all army officers to join the uprising and overthrow Spain’s leftist Republican government. Within three days, the rebels captured Morocco, much of northern Spain, and several key cities in the south.The Republican proceeded to execute thousands of opponents.
