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History of Spain: Before Spanish Civil War
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Catholic Church in Spain starts to control the education
The Catholic Church was given stranglehold over the educations in Spain -
Army Overpowered and Overstaffed with people
Militarily, the army was overstaffed and overpowerful after the loss of Cuba, the last remnant of the Spanish Empire -
Army open fires on angry protestors
Socially, problems of poverty for the peasantry and the proletariat had led to bloodshed in 'Tragic Week', when the army fired on protestors. -
Spain has a corrupted and inefficient government
Spain was a constitutional monarchy headed by King Alfonso XIII. Politically, Spain had an inefficient and corrupt government. Regionally, Catalnia and the Basque region wanted independence. -
Spanish Army defeated in Morocco while trying to put down rebellion
A Spanish army was massacred in Morocco when it tried putting down a rebellion. This defeat was a further blow to Spanish pride. -
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General Primo de Rivera takes control of Spain
General Primo de Rivera took control of Spain in a bloodless coup to prevent the collapse of the monarchy. -
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Rivera ends the war in Morocco and introduces public work schemes
Rivera ended the war in Morocco and introduced public work schemes - roads, railways, irrigation schemes. Industrial production increased by threefold. Rivera suspended the Cortes (Parliment) trial by jury and freedom of speech/press. -
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Depression hits Spain
The Depression hit Spain hard. Agricultural prices plummeted and Industrial production collapsed by up to 50%. Unemployment skyrocketed. -
Rivera resigns as government leader
The army withdrew its support and Rivera had to resign as government leader -
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Changes in Regions, Church, Army and Economy.
Regions: Catalonia recieved some self-government. The Church: Jesuits expelled. Religious Education in schools banned; divorce allowed. The Army: Many army officers were made to retire early on half pay. T he Economy: Huge estates in Spain were nationalised. -
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Fascist party is formed
The reforms the Republican government had put in place angered the military, industrialists, landowners and the Catholic Church (the most power element of society). These four powerful bodies looked towards the Fascists for help against their Left-Wing government, and a new Spanish Fascist party was formed, under Primo's son, Jose Antonia de Rivera. -
The government in Spain splits into Left and Right Wing
The government was split between Left and Right Wing Republicans - the former wanted rapid social reform to appeal the working classes; the latter wanted more moderate change to reduce the opposition of the church, landowners and military. -
Republicans win the election
Elections were held and Republicans won all the major cities in Spain. Alfonso abdicated to avoid civil war. Spain became a Republic. -
The military cuup led my General Sanjuro ends up unsuccesful
General Sanjuro led an army coup to overthrow the government lead by Manuel Azana (the prime minister). The military coup was unsuccessful as the army remained loyal to the government as it had won the elections fairly. -
Left Wing organises Strikes and Riots
Organised Strikes and Riots in an effeort to destabilise the government. 25 people were killed by government troops. Goverment lose a great deal of supporters from the working class and socialists. -
Azana resigns as priminister and elections called
Azana resigns as priminister and elections were called. CEDA won and formed a government led by Gil Robles. Robles withdrew all reforms from the Azana government. Left-Wing parties joined together and organised strikes, riots and vandalism. -
Spain heads into chaos
General Franco's army put down strikes started by coal miners. Catalans turned against the government when they took away their privileges withdrawn. Spain was heading towards chaos. -
General election
An election was called to restore order. The Left-Wing coalition won and Azana became prime minister again. Right-Wing formed a coalition in reaction. Public disturbances started spiralling the coutry out of control. -
Leading Righit Wing Politician murdered
Leading right win politician, Sotelo, was murdered. The right wing politicians argued they were in serious danger of a communist takeover. Began to favour the idea of military dictatorship. -
General Franco assumes the control of the military
General Franco assumed control of the military and crossed over into spain to take over the government. The Spanish Civil War had begun
