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Tragic Spring
In 1848 a company of Mormons, some of whom had served in the Mexican–American War as part of the Mormon Battalion, were planning to leave the recently discovered gold fields near Placerville to join the new Mormon colony at Salt Lake City, Utah. Daniel Browett, president and lead scout of the Browett-Holmes Company, decided to ride out with two companions and scout snow conditions and a possible route over the Sierra Nevada against the advice of the rest of the company. -
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Reign of Alfonso XII
Alfonso XII of Spain, nicknamed "the Peacemaker", was king of Spain between 1874 and 1885. Son of Queen Elizabeth II and King Consort Francisco de Asís de Borbón, the beginning of his reign ended the First Republic and gave way to the period known as Restoration. -
Sandhurst Manifesto
It is a fragment signed by Alfonso
XII, who defends the return to the Bourbon monarchy as
means of guaranteeing the laws and progress of Spain. It is a source
primary and direct historical, circumstantial political nature and document
public, important to know the political ideas of the future king and Canovas
del Castillo.
The author is Alfonso XII, although many historians think
which was written by Canovas del Castillo. -
PSOE is founded
The PSOE was the second socialist and workers' party to be founded in the world, holding its first congress in Barcelona in 1888. In this congress a strategy of class struggle was proposed. During it Pablo Iglesias affirmed that "The attitude of the Socialist Workers Party towards the bourgeois parties cannot and should not be conciliatory or benevolent, but of constant and rude war". In the Second Congress, in 1890, participation in the elections was decided. -
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Regency of Maria Cristina
In this period the appearance of great fissures that were reflected in the international arena with the colonial war, first, and with the United States, later, causing the military and diplomatic defeat that led to the loss of the colonies after the Treaty of Paris in 1898.
In the interior terrain: emergence of regionalisms and peripheral nationalisms, the strengthening of a double-affiliated labor movement, socialist and anarchist, and sustained persistence. -
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Reign of Alfonso XIII
During his reign, Spain experienced four extremely important problems that would end the liberal monarchy: the lack of a true political representation of broad social groups, the terrible situation of the popular classes, especially the peasant ones, the problems derived from the Rif war and Catalan nationalism.
This political and social turmoil started with the disaster of 98, which led to the establishment of the Primo de Rivera dictatorship.
He left Spain voluntarily in 1931. -
Bases de Manresa
The Bases for the Catalan Regional Constitution, better known as the Bases of Manresa, are the document presented as a project for the Catalan regional constitution for a presentation by the Catalan Union before the council of representatives of the Catalan associations, gathered in Manresa (Barcelona) on the initiative of the Lliga de Catalunya. The Bases of Manresa are usually considered as the "birth certificate of political Catalanism", at least the conservative one. -
Teaty of Paris (1898)
The Treaty of Paris, ended the Spanish-American war and for him Spain abandoned its demands on Cuba, which declared its independence. The Philippines was officially handed over to the United States, and Guam along with Puerto Rico also became US property.
Spain finally had no choice but to accept all the US impositions, since it had lost the war.
The treaty was signed without the presence of the representatives of the territories invaded by the United. -
Tragic Week of 1909
The events that occurred in Barcelona and other cities in Catalonia between July 26 and August 2, 1909 are known as Tragic Week. The trigger for these violent events was the decree of the Antonio Maura government to send troops from reserve for Spanish possessions in Morocco, at that time very unstable, the majority of these reservists being the parents of the working classes. The unions called a general strike. -
October Revolution
On November 6 and 7, 1917 (or October 24 and 25 on the Julian calendar, which is why the event is often referred to as the October Revolution), leftist revolutionaries led by Bolshevik Party leader Vladimir Lenin launched a nearly bloodless coup d'état against the Duma's provisional government.
Led by the Communist Party, the objective was to create a communist society. Soviet Russia inherited a collectivist and public form of personal integration. -
Disaster of Annual
It was a serious Spanish military defeat in the Rif War and an important victory for the Rifians commanded by Abd el-Krim. It was produced near the Moroccan town of Annual located between Melilla and the bay of Al Hoceima.
This defeat led to a redefinition of Spain's colonial policy in the Rif War and a political crisis. The unrest created by the Annual disaster and the accusations to the king of instigating, were one of the causes of the coup and the dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera. -
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Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera
On September 13, 1923, the Captain General of Catalonia, Miguel Primo de Rivera, delivered a coup. The government of General Primo de Rivera opens a period marked by the suspension of constitutional guarantees, the prohibition of languages other than Spanish, the dissolution of provincial councils and the censorship of the press. In 1924, he founded the Patriotic Union, a unique and personalist party that supports the dictatorship. -
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Second Spanish Republic
Alfonso XIII appoints General Berenguer as the new President of the Government. The damage caused by the dictatorship to the political system was enormous: it not only prevented the democratic normalization of the Restoration regime but it ended the dynastic structures on which the monarchy had supported until then. Free from the oppression of the dictatorship, opponents of the regime, mainly Republicans and Socialists, will experience an unsuspected boom. Social conflict returns to the streets -
Proclamation of the Second Spanish Replublic
The fall of the Primo de Rivera dictatorship and the inability of Alfonso XIII and the politicians of the Restoration to start up a system that responded to popular demands ended up turning the municipal elections of April 12, 1931 into a plebiscite. The republican parties won in 41 of the 50 provincial capitals, and in the absence of support, Alfonso XIII left for exile.
the councilors of Éibar proclaimed the Republic.
It was Francesc Macià who proclaimed the Catalan Republic within the State -
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Spanish Civil War
It was a warlike conflict that would have repercussions in an economic crisis that unleashed in Spain after the failure of the coup d'etat of 1936 carried out by the armed forces against the Government of the Second Republic. After the blockade of the Strait and the subsequent airlift, he transferred the rebel troops to peninsular Spain and began a civil war that would end in 1939 with the last part of the war signed by Francisco Franco,
declaring their victory and establishing a dictatorship -
Bombing of Guernika
The bombing of Guernika (Operation Rügen) was an air attack carried out on the civilian population of this Spanish population on April 26, 1937, during the Spanish civil war, by the German Condor Legion and the Italian Legionary Aviation, which they fought in favor of the revolted side against the government of the Second Spanish Republic. The current victims of victims put the deceased in a range that ranges from one hundred twenty to three hundred dead, -
End of the Civil War
Ending almost three years of conflict, the civil war between the republican side and the revolted side (formed by the Spanish Falange and other conservative groups), ended on April 1, 1939 with the victory of the national side with General Francisco Franco to the head
The war is over »is the phrase with which the last part of the war ends by the dictator Francisco Franco. Said communiqué officially ended the Spanish civil war, for which it was widely disseminated nationally and internationally.
