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Guadalupe Victoria
Guadalupe Victoria, 1786–1843, Mexican general, first president of Mexico (1824–29), whose original name was Manuel Félix Fernández. He joined (1811) the revolution proclaimed by Hidalgo y Costilla, and even after the defeat and death of Morelos y Pavón he continued, as a fugitive, to support the revolutionary cause. His name, Guadalupe Victoria [Our Lady of Guadalupe Triumphant], was adopted in honor of the revolutionary standard. -
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Vicente Ramon Guerrero
Guerrero, Vicente, 1782–1831, Mexican revolutionist and president (Apr.–Dec., 1829). He fought under the command of Morelos y Pavón , spreading the revolution in the south. Guerrero won victory after victory. When Morelos was defeated and executed, Guerrero continued to wage guerrilla warfare, harassing the royalists. He fought on when most of the revolutionary leaders had been defeated or had given up the struggle for freedom. -
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Pedro Velez, Lucas Alamán Luis de Quintana
Were actin presidents in those years. -
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Anastasio Bustamante
Bustamante, Anastasio, 1780–1853, Mexican general and president (1830–32, 1837–41). He served in the royalist army against Hidalgo y Costilla and Morelos y Pavón, but his adherence to the Plan of Iguala in support of Agustín de Iturbide was a decisive factor in the latter's success. -
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Manuel Gómez Pedraza
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Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
Santa Anna, Antonio López de, 1794–1876, Mexican general and politician. He fought in the royalist army, but later joined Iturbide in the struggle that won independence for Mexico (1821). Santa Anna then entered upon a long and tortuous political career. His actions were governed by opportunism rather than by any fixed principle, and he shifted his allegiance from party to party, his fortunes rising and falling with bewildering rapidity. He led the revolution against Iturbide (1823) -
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Valentín Gómez Farías
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Anastasio Bustamante
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Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
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Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
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Valentin Canalizo
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José Joaquín de Herrera
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Gabriel Valencia, Mariano Paredes
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José Mariano de Salas
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Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
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José Manuel de la Peña y Peña, Pedro María de Anaya
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José Joaquín de Herrera
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Mariano Arista
Arista, Mariano, 1802–55, Mexican general and president (1851–53). A royalist in the revolt against Spain, he later joined Agustín de Iturbide. He fought in the Mexican army that tried to put down the Texas revolt (1836). In command of the army in N Mexico in the Mexican War, he was defeated by Zachary Taylor at Palo Alto and at Resaca de la Palma (1846). -
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Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
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Romulo Díaz de La Vega
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Juan Alvarez
Álvarez, Juan, 1780–1867, Mexican general of indigenous descent, president of Mexico (1855). He distinguished himself in battle under Morelos y Pavón and was later the first governor of Guerrero. In 1854 he led the liberal Revolution of Ayutla, which overthrew (1855) General Santa Anna . After two months he yielded the presidency to Ignacio Comonfort . Álvarez later fought against Maximilian and the French invaders. -
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Ignacio Comonfort
Comonfort, Ignacio, 1812–63, Mexican general and president. He was one of the leaders in the Revolution of Ayutla , which in 1855 overthrew Santa Anna and installed Juan Álvarez in the presidency. Comonfort became acting president upon the resignation of Álvarez with his cabinet, particularly Benito Juárez and Miguel Lerdo de Tejada , he continued the anticlerical liberal program and embodied it in the constitution of 1857. -
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Felix Maria Zuloaga
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Manuel Robles Pezuela
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Felix Maria Zuloaga
Zuloaga, Ignacio, 1870–1945, Spanish painter. He was the son of a celebrated Basque goldsmith. Zuloaga lived chiefly in Paris after 1889, but his subjects were usually Spanish. His figures, often Basque peasants or bullfighters, are usually richly colored against a somber background. Among his paintings are Uncle David and His Family (Mus. of Fine Arts, Boston) a self-portrait and The Family of a Gypsy Bullfighter (Hispanic Society, New York City.) There is a museum of his work in Madrid -
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Miguel Miramón
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Juan Nepomuceno Almonte
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Teodosio Lares
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Maximiliano I
Maximilian, 1832–67, emperor of Mexico. As the Austrian archduke Ferdinand Maximilian, he was denied a share in the imperial government by his reactionary brother, Emperor Francis Joseph . Maximilian served as commander in chief of the Austrian fleet and was governor-general of Lombardo-Venetia (1857–59), but he found no outlet for his dreams of liberal reform. Maximilian was persuaded to accept the crown. He and his wife, Carlotta , left their palace near Trieste and sailed (1864) to Mexico.