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1500
The Land Bridge
There was a natural increase in population and there was no immigration that took place until the Europeans arrived. The first occupants came from Russia and Asia and crossed over the land bridge to get to new land where they would start a new life. If it worked out- they would bring there families over. -
1500
First Occupants
Before the arrival of the Europeans, North America was occupied by the Native people.
The Native people crossed the land bridge from Asia and Russia due to an ice age. They started a new life on untouched land. There was no private land ownership. -
1500
Hurons
The Hurons were the Native people of North America who allied with the French during the French and Indian war. They are categorized as Iroquoians but do not get along with the group of Iroquoians so they split up. Since they are allied with the French that means they are also allied with the Algonquins. -
1500
Iroquois
The Iroquois were Native people who lived a sedentary life, which consists of living in villages with longhouses and only moved every 10-15 years once there soil got depleted from their farming. The population varied from 500 - 2000 people.
The Iroquois allied with the English- also known as the British. -
1500
Algonquin
Native people who were nomadic. During the summer they set up large camps that fit up to 500 people near rivers or streams for water resources. During the winter they spread out in groups so they wouldn't be taking each others resources. They would build homes called wigwams and were easy to move if they had to.
They allied with the french and the hurons. -
1500
Inuit
Native people who were nomadic.They moved around according to where they caught their food. During the summer they moved around in small groups while living in hide tents. During the winter they built igloos that several families can fit in. -
Period: Sep 1, 1500 to
Population and settlement
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1534
Jacques Cartier
He came to America for three reasons: 1) Find a route to Asia 2) Bring back gold and other riches 3) Claim land for the King of France. Cartier's first voyage was in 1534, he explored the Gulf of St Laurence finding only fish, timber and furs. His second voyage was in 1535, he returned with native chiefs when he discovered Stadacona in Quebec when he sailed up the St Lawrence river. His third voyage was in 1541 and he tried to set up a colony but failed. -
Samuel De Champlain
The king set out a voyage in 1605 to establish a settlement called Port Royal which Champlain participated in, which failed. He returned in 1608 because he wanted to set up a trading post near Stadacona in Quebec, where the rivers narrow. Which they came to name it New France. -
The French
The kings want gold and jewels and other riches. The king sent Cartier on a voyage to find these riches- meanwhile he found a route to Asia instead. Trading posts were made in Nova Scotia but failed. The trading post in Quebec succeeded because of the permanent settlement. Also the French liked the fur hats, timber and fish. They expanded New France in search of new territory. Then they had too much territory but not enough population- because it was only men and no women. -
Company of 100 associates
The company of 100 associates were created by Cardinal Richelieu. Fur trade in New France. Once they traded they were expected to bring over newcomers and protect them. There was minimal expansion of population due to the threat of attacks from the British at sea that lasted until 1663. -
Seigneurial Regime
The king would give land to the poor people to populate it and the people would work for him and pay rent. They would live on this land and have rivers nearby for water. The king and poor people had responsibilities to each other and trades. This was made to get the population in New France to grow. Towns and villages were being created such as Quebec, Trois-Riviere and then Montréal. -
Settlement Policy
New france was not developing. Once the king was put in charge he ordered Jean Talon who made policies that worked. Soldiers were given free land, petty thieves were sent to New France instead of jail, then the orphan girls came into the picture and were married quickly and shipped off to New France to have kids. If the girls weren't married by a certain age, the fathers would need to pay fines- therefore it was looked at as an encouragement to be married young. -
Birth Rate
Orphan girls were quickly married to bachelors over 21 to have many babies which populated the country. Ladies would line up and the men would pick them based on looks and based on if they thought they were fit enough to have many babies. The line up started in Quebec, then to Trois-Riviere and then Montreal.
The church would give you money to have kids.
The population increased rapidly and by 1760 there were 70 000 people from 3000 which was in 1663. -
Jean Talon
Intendent in charge of the settlement ordered by King Louis XIV. His policies helped the population grow. Three types of immigrants settled in New France: the filles des roi, military soldiers, people who worked on farm lands. He encouraged men and women to marry young or the fathers would be fined. Family allowances were paid if you had over 10 children, payments were made to young married couples and the bachelors needed to take place in the fur trade or they would be fined. -
Soldiers
The king sent the Carignan-Sallieres regiment with 1200 soldiers to find the Iroquois and protect the colonists. Most people sent were soldiers but others were high ranking captains. This succeeded and established peace again with the Iroquois. Jean talon encouraged soldiers to stay in New France by giving them free land and offering them money. 600 soldiers stayed in New France to start families because they married les filles du roi. They were able to defend the colony if needed. -
Relations with the native people
Alliances were formed with the french and the native aboriginal people.
French and natives would have kids together, their occupation would change cause they would migrate, aboriginals population decimated because of disease and wars.
The french would ally with the algonquins, the English/British would ally with the iroquois and the hurons were also with the french. -
Positive and negative influences the Europeans had on the natives and vise versa
Europeans learned how to survive cold winters, how to eat certain foods such as corn pumpkins and maple syrup, how to snowshoe and canoe. And the natives learnt to use weapons such as guns and iron tools, they learnt foods like salt and bread and alcohol but they also suffered from alcohol diseases. Both groups would transmit diseases to one another. -
Effects of the Loyalistes
36 000 loyalists came to Canada and settled in the Maritimes, and 6000 loyalists came to Quebec and settled in the West of Montreal.
The population of Quebec went from 1% to 10%
They settled with the township system and they gave their settlements english names.
Conditions during the passage were difficult and diseases tend to spread- the cholera epidemic put people in a quarantine station at Grosse-Ile. -
Immigration Policies
Policies were made to promote immigration. From 1763 the British immigrants who are wealthy english businessman take over. In 1791 there would be land granted to shipping and railroad companies. In 1812 the laws discouraged American immigration in Upper Canada and in 1840 the colonial land and emigration commission made an office in London. The rich French decided to leave. The British tried to bring in more English. Propaganda was also used to encourage. -
Slavery
The first nation Canadians owned slaves and traded them. This has existed within groups for centuries. Black slaves used to live in British regions in Canada. Slaves were held in small groups and were given the tasks of being domestic servants, farm helpers and skilled artisans. British north America limited slavery but it remained legal. Until the british parliament's slavery abolition act finally annulled slavery in all parts of the british empire. They stopped early. -
Quebec Act
During the Quebec Act, the territory was expanded and the French language was restored due to the Royal Proclamation in 1763 who annulled French law. Protestant practice was removed while Catholic practice was encouraged and free. The colonists were not happy about this and neither were the British. -
Constitutional Act
The constitutional act divided Canada in 2. The upper Canada which had the English population and the lower Canada which had the French population. The goal was to satisfy the French and English because they didn't like each other and they were bothering each other. This was the first step towards the Canadian Confederation. It started the rebellion in the 2 Canadas. This Act replaced the Quebec act. -
Grosse Ile
Grosse Ile was a quarantine station for diseases transmitted. Diseases such as the cholera epidemic and other diseases transmitted by Europeans to the Natives. Once you got sick you were put on Grosse Ile either to get worse and die or get better. The people traveling by boat who got sick were put on this island and if they got better they were put back onto the boat to continue there journey. -
Contemporary Period
During the contemporary period, different policies were created to promote immigration, such as waves of immigration, sharing federal powers with immigrations matters and discriminatory immigration policies.
There was an increase of urban population due to rural exodus, development of working class neighbourhoods and urban sprawl. There were also colonizations of new regions like emigration to the U.S and regions like Cote-Nord, Abitibi, Gaspesie and The Laurentians. -
Emigration
There was overpopulation of the seigneuries which led to emigration to the regions with lots of forest in Quebec, known as the Outaouais, Temiscamingue and Western Canada. Also the emigrated to the united states because there was supposedly more opportunities. Farmers settled in ontario or in the new provinces such as Manitoba and Saskatchewan. These provinces were accessible because there were railroads that crossed Canada.
