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Sep 8, 1500
Bering Strait Land Bridge
The First Occupants used the land bridge to come from Asia to North America. Bering Strait Land Bridge is also known as the Beringia Land Bridge. -
Period: Sep 8, 1500 to
Population
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Sep 8, 1534
Jacques Cartier
He had 3 voyages. First voyage, he went around in the Gulf of the St. Lawrence. Second voyage, he went down in the St. Lawrence river and he encountered the First Nations people in Stadacona (Quebec City) and Hochelaga (Montreal). Third voyage, he tried to bring in settlers from France but he failed because the French weren't prepared for the cold winters in North America. -
Port Royal
They were established by Samuel de Champlain but it failed because of its position which lead to the settlement of Quebec City. -
Samuel de Champlain
Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec. He made contact with the Algonquians and became allies. The Iroquois are now enemies with the French (Samuel de Champlain) because Samuel de Champlain is trading with the Algonquians, who already have fur. -
French Regime
The French started to settle into New France -
Company of 100 Associates
They were given a trade monopoly on fur by the King of France. the needed to get fur for New France and bring it over. However, they failed because of the war between France and Britain, they were expected to bring settlers and protect them for a year and all of their profits went back to the company not given to protect the settlers. -
Trois-Rivières
It was founded by Monsieur Laviolette -
Ville Marie
It was a religious settlement which was set up to convert the Natives. It was led by Monsieur de Maisonneuve. It didn't stay a religious settlement because of it's location so it turned into a fur trade. -
Intendant Jean Talon
He was sent to New France by King Louis XIV (14). He went to encourage anybody, except the Huguenots (French protestants) to come to New France.
He attracted the new population by:
1. He gave free land to the soldiers and engaged if they agreed to stay in New France after their service.
2. The girls got to marry French men.
3. He gave money per baby born and punished/fined people if they weren't married. -
The Seven Years' War
Brought an end to New France.
From 1756-1763 -
British Immigration
The first people to arrive were the wealthy ones so they can start businesses -
Royal Proclamation
A document was signed that officially gave New France to the British. The British renamed New France to Province of Quebec. English laws and the Anglican church were introduced to attract British colonies. Catholicism and French laws weren't allowed -
Quebec Act
The Province's territory expanded. The oath of allegiance was replaced with with that no longer made reference to the Protestant faith. Guaranteed free practice of the Catholic faith. The Act restored the use of the French civil law for private matters while maintaining the use of the English common law for public administration, including criminal prosecution. -
American Revolution
13 colonies officially declare their independence (1776). Many people stayed loyal and came to British North America. -
Immigration of Loyalists and Americans
36 000 loyalists came to Canada (Maritimes)
6 000 loyalists came to Quebec (West of Montreal)
The English population of Quebec had a sudden increase: 1% to 10%.
They settle according to the Township system. They gave their settlements english names. -
British Regime
Measures to encourage immigration have been put in place. -
Constitutional Act
It opened up new land to be given to the Loyalists entering Canada. They colonized the Eastern Townships region of the province of Quebec. The Townships are pieces of squared land that were offered to the Loyalists, tax free.
The Constitutional Act divided British North America into:
Upper Canada (mostly English)
Lower Canada (mostly French) -
British Regime
Laws discouraging American immigration in Upper Canada have been put in place -
Irish
Waves of Irish immigration started due to the Irish Potato Famine.
The conditions from Irish during the passage were difficult and disease spread. When they arrived everyone was sent into quarantine at Grosse-Ile. It is an island where they were sent to get better or just die there because they didn't want the disease to spread. -
Demography
Between 1830-1840 many of the rural areas were over populated so many French Canadians moved to existing or newly created urban areas like Saguenay and Lac St-jean -
British Regime
There are now Colonial land, Emigration commission and permanent Immigration office in London -
Confederation
Under the British North America Act, The Provinces of Quebec, New Brunswick, Ontario and Nova Scotia join together to create the Dominion of Canada. -
First Canadian census
Quebec has 1191 516 inhabitants.
More than 1 million were French Canadians which represented about 30% of the population in the Dominion. -
Baby Boom
After the second World War, the return of the troops and economic prosperity (lots of money flowing) lead to growth of the population as marriages and births increased.
At a fertility rate of 3.84 children per woman, this was the rate before the Great Depression in the 1920s and became known as the Baby Boom.
By 1960 many (94%) women were giving birth in hospitals now compared to only 16% in 1940 - this lead to decrease in the mortality rate. -
Baby Boom
The boom lead to many changes in society as the average age of the population decreased.
The State had to invest in hospitals, schools and other public institutions to meet the needs of the growing population.
By the 1960s, with the modernization of Quebec through the Quiet revolution, the baby boom ended as many women no longer wanted to have as many children and wanted to have their own jobs. -
Baby Boom
Also contraception was now widely used so many families only had one or two children. As well many people were not getting married in the traditional was and lived in common law or had civil marriage. -
Immigration Act (upgrade)
The main objectives:
Encourage population growth
Enrich culture heritage
Facilitate family reunions
Facilitate the adaption of new residents into society
Selection with non-discriminatory criteria
Maintain humanitarian attitude towards refugees.
The same year the Quebec Government enacted The Charter of the French language or “Bill 101”
The bill protected the French language in Quebec and made it so immigrant children had to go to French School. -
Quebec Government Policies After 1980
Office de garde a l’enfance (1980)
Tax breaks for having children (1986)
CPEs (Centre de la Petite Enfance) (1997) and 5$ a day daycare (now $7)
QPIP - Quebec Parental Insurance Plan (2005)
