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Period: 541 to 542
First Bubonic Plague Pandemic
The Plague of Justinian was a pandemic that afflicted the Byzantine Empire, including its capital Constantinople. It was one of the greatest plagues in history. Genetic studies point to China as having been the primary source of the contagion. -
Period: 570 to Jun 8, 632
Muhammad
Muhammad can be said to be equal to the Mongols in how they both were the ones who essentially defined this period (600 - 1450). Muhammad established the religion of Islam and leads the beginning of an Arab-Islamic empire that will soon expand to cover the entire Middle East. -
Period: Jan 1, 653 to Jan 1, 1258
Abbasid Dynasty
Abbasid Dynasty, second of the two great dynasties of the Muslim Empire of the Caliphate. It overthrew the Umayyad caliphate in ad 750 and reigned as the Abbasid caliphate until destroyed by the Mongol invasion in 1258. -
Period: Jan 1, 661 to Jan 1, 750
Umayyad Dynasty
First great Muslim dynasty. Their decline began with a defeat by the Byzantine Empire in 717. internal feuding, discontent among non-Arab Muslim converts, and the failure of financial reforms eventually led to their unseating by the Abbasid dynasty. -
Period: Jan 1, 710 to
Nara Period
The Nara is a period in which the imperial government was at Nara, and Sinicization and Buddhism were most highly developed. -
Period: Jan 1, 1040 to Jan 1, 1157
Saljud control over Abbasid Dynasty
The House of Seljuq was a Sunni Muslim dynasty that gradually adopted Persian culture and contributed to the Persian tradition in the medieval West and Central Asia. The Seljuqs established both the Great Seljuq Empire and Sultanate of Rum, which at their total height stretched from Anatolia through Persia, and also were targets of the First Crusade. -
Jan 1, 1066
Norman Invasion of England
King Edward of England died on January 5, 1066, after a reign of 23 years. Leaving no heirs, Edward's passing ignited a three-way rivalry for the crown that culminated in the Battle of Hastings and the destruction of the Anglo-Saxon rule of England. -
Jan 1, 1076
Kingdom of Ghana
The earliest of the west African states to develop was Ghana. Ghana was to the north of the Upper Niger river on the trade routes that carried salt and gold across the Sahara to the Mediterranean Sea. -
Period: Nov 27, 1095 to Aug 15, 1099
The First Crusade
On November 27, 1095, in Clermont, France, Pope Urban II called for a crusade to help the Byzantines and to free the city of Jerusalem. After unsuccessfully besieging `Arqah for three months, the crusaders continued to Jerusalem which they seized on July 15, 1099. The Christian armies defended their conquest in August 1099 by defeating an Egyptian relief army. -
Period: Jan 1, 1155 to Jan 1, 1227
Reign of Chinggis Khan
Temujin took the title Universal Ruler, which translates to Genghis Khan, and he addressed his joyous supporters thanking them for their help and their loyalty. Like peoples elsewhere, Genghis Khan's subjects saw themselves at the center of the universe, the greatest of people and favored by the gods. They justified Genghis Khan's success in warfare by claiming that he was the rightful master not only over other people but the whole world Genghis Khan continued organizing. -
Jan 1, 1204
Schism between Eastern and Western Christian Church
This mutual excommunication marks the formal break between Eastern and Western Christianity. That break has never been healed. The hostility and split were intensified when, during the 1204 Crusade, the crusaders sacked and pillaged Constantinople on Good Friday. So horrific and inexcusable was this event that the break between Eastern and Western Christianity was final and complete. Islam also had a devastating effect on the Eastern Church. -
Jan 1, 1204
The Fourth Crusade
In 1204 the Crusaders and Venetians attacked Constantinople and sacked the city. A lot of the islands which had belonged to the Empire were taken over by the Venetians too. -
Period: Jan 1, 1206 to Jan 1, 1324
Mongol conquest of all of China
Mongol troops even advanced into the European continent. As the military strength of the Mongols became stronger and stronger, the territory of the great Mongolian Empire became larger and larger. Among them, Kublai Khan, one of Genghis Khan's grandsons, unified the vast land of the northern areas of China and founded a new dynasty in 1271- the Yuan Dynasty, with Yuandadu (currently Beijing) as its capital. -
Period: Jan 1, 1206 to Jan 1, 1526
Sultanate of Delhi
The period between 1206 and 1526 in the Indian history is known as the "Period of the Sultan Rulers" . During this period, rulers belonging to five different dynasties- The Slaves, the Khiljis, the Tughlaqs, the Sayyids and the Lodhis-ruled over India. -
Period: Jan 1, 1215 to Jan 1, 1294
Reign of Kublai Khan
Kublai Khan is the founder of the Yuan Dynasty. t is in the Yuan Dynasty that the over three-century-long splitting status of China after the Tang Dynasty was ended and a new great unification in the history was achieved. It is also in the dynasty that the border areas were exploited, that effective administrative jurisdiction on Xinjiang, Tibet and other places was implemented, that Tibet was included in China's territory for the first time. -
Period: Jan 1, 1220 to Jan 1, 1450
Kingdom of Great Zimbabwe
Great Zimbabwe existed between approximately the 12th and 15th centuries CE, and it is the largest of about 150 ruins found in the land around the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers. -
Period: Jan 1, 1235 to Jan 1, 1490
Mali Empire
Mali became an important empire after 1235 when Sundjata organized Malinke resistance against a branch of the southern Soninke.ood crops were grown on the level areas by the river, not only for local people but for those living in cities farther north on the Niger River and in oasis towns along the trade routes across the desert. Thus the Niger River enabled the kingdom of Mali to develop a far more stable economy. -
Period: Jan 1, 1271 to Jan 1, 1368
Yaun Dynasty
As a mighty state, the Yuan Dynasty enjoyed economic development and prospered in the fields of science and literature. The economy was mainly based on agriculture. The agricultural techniques used were superior to those of previous dynasties and food output increased. Additionally, the use of paper currency stimulated the development of commerce. Meanwhile, trade with foreign countries was greatly encouraged following an open policy adopted by the Yuan rulers. -
Period: Jan 1, 1275 to Jan 1, 1292
Marco Polo's trip to China
After he retrieved his notes from China, Marco Polo transformed his travels into manuscript form. His work has been criticized because he did not include fundamentals of Chinese life as tea, foot-binding, or even the Great Wall. He was frank, unpoetic in imagination and vision, and constantly spoke of trade, money, risks, and profits. However, he wrote in incredible detail of the birds animals, plants, and other aspects of nature. -
Period: Jan 1, 1280 to Jan 1, 1337
Reign of Mansa Musa
Mansa Musa king of the Mali empire in West Africa, is known mostly for his fabulous pilgrimage to Mecca and for his promotion of unity and prosperity within Mali. -
Period: Jan 1, 1336 to Jan 1, 1405
Tamerlane
Amir Timur is remembered as a vicious conqueror, who razed ancient cities to the ground and put entire populations to the sword. On the other hand, he is also known as a great patron of the arts, literature, and architecture. One of his achievements is his capital at the beautiful city of Samarkand, in modern-day Uzbekistan. -
Period: Jan 1, 1337 to Jan 1, 1453
Hundred Year's War
The Hundred Years War was a series of connected conflicts between England, the Valois kings of France, factions of French nobles and other allies over both claims to the French throne and control of land in France. -
Jan 1, 1349
Ibn Battuta
Ibn Battuta set out to complete Islam's traditional pilgrimage to Mecca, and ultimately spent the better part of his life wandering. -
Period: Jan 1, 1368 to
Ming Dynasty
The Ming dynasty that provided an interval of native Chinese rule between eras of Mongol and Manchu dominance. During the reign of the Ming dynasty, China exerted immense cultural and political influence on East Asia and the Turks to the west, as well as on Vietnam and Myanmar to the south. -
Period: Jun 11, 1405 to Jun 9, 1429
Zheng He's expedition
On July 11, 1405, the fleet set out for India with the newly-named admiral Zheng He in command.On June 29, 1429, the Xuande Emperor ordered preparations for a final voyage of the Treasure Fleet. He appointed Zheng He to command the fleet, even though the great eunuch admiral was 59 years old and in poor health. -
Period: Jan 1, 1438 to Jan 1, 1532
Inca Empire
Inca Empire had a short life of only about a hundred years.The Inca left no written history. Most of what is known of their culture comes from early Spanish accounts and archeological finds. -
Jan 1, 1453
Fall of Constantinople
The Fall of Constantinople occured on May 29, 1453 after a siege which began on April 6. The battle was part of the Byzantine-Ottoman Wars (1265-1453). -
Period: to
Sui Dynasty
The Sui Dynasty lasted for only 38 years and had only three emperors. With a tyrannical second emperor - Emperor Yang, the Sui Dynasty was often compared to the Qin Dynasty. However, the whole nation was reunified and certain economic and political advances were achieved in the period. -
Period: to
Tang Dynasty
Tang China emerged as one of the greatest empires in the medieval world. Merchants, clerics, and envoys from India, Persia, Arabia, Syria, Korea, and Japan thronged the streets of Changan, the capital, and foreign tongues were a common part of daily life -
Period: to
Silla Dynasty
The Silla Kingdom period marked the start of Korea's cultural development. Buddhism expanded and furled the construction of numerous temples and art works. However, despite Chinese influences, Silla remained largely tribal in culture. -
Period: to
Reign of Charlemagne
In A.D. 768 Charles the Great, or Charlemagne as he is usually called, succeeded his father Pepin. He was a great statesman and a great conqueror, one of his first conquests being that of the Lombards. -
Period: to Jan 1, 1185
Heian Period
794 The capital moves to Heian.
1016 Fujiwara Michinaga becomes regent.
1159 The Taira clan under Taira Kiyomori takes over the power after the Heiji war.
1175 The Buddhist Jodo sect is introduced.
1180-85 In the Gempei War, the Minamoto clan puts an end to Taira supremacy. -
Period: to Jan 1, 1279
Song Dynasty
Starting in 960 and ending in 1279, the Song Dynasty consisted of the Northern Song and the Southern Song. With a prosperous economy and radiant culture, the Song Dynasty was considered as another period of golden age after the glorious Tang Dynasty. -
Period: to Jan 1, 1400
Kingdom of Angkor
The largest and most powerful Golden Age state was the Khmer kingdom of Angkor in Cambodia, established by King Jayavarman II in 802. The name Angkor derives from the Sanskrit term for “holy city,” and Jayavarman considered himself a reincarnation of Shiva, the Hindu god of destruction and fertility.
