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Period: 618 to 1279
Tang and Song Dynasties
The Tang and the Song dynasties made up China's golden age in which several new advancements were created, such as printing, paper money, gunpowder, the compass etc. The Tang came before the song and focused on building up China's power and influence, and then was followed by the Song dynasty, where most of the technological advancements occurred. The Song would later be overthrown by the Mongols, creating the Yuan Dynasty. -
Period: 750 to 1258
Abbasid Caliphate
The Abbasid Caliphate was the longest and one of the most influential islamic dynasties which ruled over the middle east, western Asia, and parts Northeast Africa. It was a time of peace and prosperity, where several advancements took place. Things such as art, architecture, mathematics, medicine, and science all were all being prioritised and expanded on. This dynasty would eventually fall due to the Mongols taking over in later years. -
Period: 900 to 1400
Feudalism in Europe
Feudalism was a social system in Europe that included a social hierarchy of monarchs, lords, knights, and surfs. It was a system in which each level was loyal to each other for common interests such as land and safety. Feudalism would eventually fall mainly due to the bubonic plague when surfs gained more power due to their population decline. The fall of Feudalism would also lead to the rise of absolute monarchies. -
Period: 1200 to 1533
Mesoamerican Empires(Aztec and Incas)
The Mesoamerican Empires were civilizations developed in parts of Mexico, as well as Central america, before Spanish exploration. The Aztecs and Incas had very advanced creations in agriculture, astronomy, and architecture. The Europeans eventually came across these civilizations during their expeditions, and ended up taking over their territory and using several of the indigenous people as slaves. -
Period: 1206 to 1526
Delhi Sultanate
The Delhi sultanate was a very powerful Islamic empire that ruled over India for many years. Because of their power, they were able to start of small and then end up conquering most of India. They were well known for their destruction of certain things pertaining to the HIndu and Buddhist religion, since they were primarily Islamic It was one of the few empires that was able to fight off the mongols to a certain extent, but they were eventually conquered by the Mongolian Empire. -
Period: 1206 to 1368
Mongol Empire
The Mongol Empire was an empire created by Genghis Khan, which started off as a nomadic tribe, skilled in weaponry, specifically the use of a bow and arrow on a horse. They were able to overthrow several powerful dynasties such as the Song Dynasty and the Delhi Sultanate, leading them to eventually have control over a huge portion of central Asia. They also created the pax mongolica, which completely changed the works of the silk road, allowing for increased foreign trade. -
Period: 1235 to
Mali Empire
The Mali Empire was the largest Empire in West Africa, and spread its cultural influences throughout western Africa. This Empire was extremely wealthy, mostly due to their control over the trade going through the Sahara desert. They were able to stop any merchants passing through and collect taxes from them, increasing their wealth. Despite its extreme wealth and cultural impact, the Mali Empire would eventually fall due to the lack of good power structure -
Period: 1279 to 1368
Yuan Dynasty
The Yuan Dynasty was the Dynasty that came after the Song Dynasty in China, and was the first one to be foreign ruled. It was ruled by the Mongols, who were able to overthrow the Song Dynasty. It was one of the shortest dynasty in China, due to the people not liking the Mongols, and wanting to rebel against them. The fall of the Yuan Dynasty caused by an attack from those who did not agree with the Mongols, was later followed by the Ming Dynasty. -
Period: 1299 to
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire was an empire that controlled most of Southeast Europe. It was an extremely powerful empire that expanded its conquered territory throughout its reign. The Ottomans were so powerful, since they had such a gigantic territory, and controlled some wealthy places, as well as their very skilled military. The Ottoman empire eventually was outwitted by other countries, and slowly declined until it was no more. This opened up several trade opportunities. -
Period: 1346 to 1353
Bubonic Plague
The Bubonic Plague was a sickness spread through the silk road, that eventually wreaked havoc on Europe. It was a disease that completely changed Europe, spread through the fleas on rats, the Bubonic Plague spread throughout Europe killing nearly a third of their population. This caused the fall of feudalism in Europe due to the higher demand for surfs, creating more of a middle class. Some people also began to doubt the church since they were not helping the citizens in the way should have. -
Period: 1368 to
Ming Dynasty
The Ming Dynasty was the last ever Chinese Dynasty to be ruled by Han Chinese. It was followed by the Mongol-ruled Dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty. During this Dynasty, the emperor decided to move China towards isolationism. This meant that China limited most foreign affairs, and focused more on the development within China. This new form of government caused China to become a more agriculture based society. -
Period: 1400 to
Age of Exploration
The Age of Exploration, started by Henry the Navigator, was a time when the European Powers including Spain, France, England, and Portugal were all rushing to find new trade routes to new countries. This time included several new inventions, such as new types of ships with different uses, as well as navigation inventions. The Age of Exploration also allowed for a new variety of goods to be traded all over the world. -
Period: 1400 to
Spanish Colonial Empire
The Spanish Colonial Empire colonized several new places, including the "New World", parts of south America, and central America. They took over the Aztec civilization, and brought several new ideas to Spain. Due to the discovery of the "New World", there was a massive trade of goods between them, allowing for cheaper nutrients in Europe. -
Period: 1500 to
Portuguese Trading Post Empire
The Portuguese Trading Post Empire was when the Portugues decided to, instead of taking over large territories, just take over trading post areas. This was an attempt to control trading routes, and force merchants to pay taxes for passage. This strategy was upsetting to other countries, but to the Portuguese, it made their country very wealthy due to all the taxes, even though they were often times unjust. -
Period: 1517 to
Reformation
The reformation was a time inspired by Martin Luther, a priest who believed in Gods beliefs, rather than greed. At the time in Europe the church had become incredibly corrupt, using people's devotion to their religion to get control of the government, by threatening rulers with excommunication. Martin Luther saw this, and other abuses of power such as indulgences, and decided to rebel against it, eventually completely changing the influence of the Catholic Church in Europe. -
Period: 1526 to
Mughal Empire
The Mughal empire was an Islamic empire that ruled most of India and Pakistan. It spread the Muslim culture and arts as well as the Islam religion. Even though there were several Hindus in the Mughal Empire, it was ruled by Muslims. They were also extremely powerful due to their strong army, and use of gunpowder. -
Period: 1526 to
Atlantic Slave Trade
The Atlantic Slave trade was a result of both the colonization of Africa and the colonization of the Americas. It was the process of shipping African slaves to the Americas to work on farms or haciendas. They were shipped via a triangular route going from america to europe to Africa back to America. Several African slaved were killed due to the horrible shipping conditions, and were even enslaved in their own countries as well. -
Period: to
Tokugawa Shogunate
The Tokugawa Shogunate was the last traditional Japanese government, and was followed by the Westernization of Japan. It centralized the government in Japan, and unified the people, since the country was previously in chaos. The Tokugawa Shogunate was eventually overthrown by the Meiji Revolution, and Japan became more westernized. -
Period: to
Qing Dynasty
The Qing Dynasty was the last Chinese Dynasty followed by the Ming Dynasty. The Qing had a successful reign due to their strong military and good leaders, but would eventually fall due to the Opium Wars. The Qing Dynasty only allowed some trade in China, and tried to limit their foreign interaction, in attempt to limit all foreign influence on China. During this time, China was almost completely isolated from other countries, and citizens weren't easily allowed to leave. -
Period: to
The Enlightenment
The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement in Europe where the teachings of several philosophical scholars were idolised. During this time, many people began to trust reason over faith, and academics were more valued. There was a rise in beliefs such as humanism and deism, in which people's relationships with god completely changed from how they were before, causing people in Europe to be more aware, and more curious rather than superstitious. -
Period: to
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution was when people began to rather than hand making goods in small shops, they would manufacture goods in factories. This Revolution had several political and social effects on America and Europe. The working class who once lived in rural areas working on farms, were now forced to move to urban areas to become factory workers. There were several issues regarding how factory workers were treated, which would eventually lead to a rebellion of the working class. -
Period: to
American Revolution
The American Revolution was a rebellion against the Great Britain led by the American colonists. The colonists were not happy with how Britain was taxing them so much, so they decided it was time for independence. American patriots fought several wars against Great Britain forces, eventually leading to their freedom. American colonists made America into an independent nation, which opened up several more trade opportunities, since British tariffs were no longer there. -
Period: to
French Revolution
The French Revolution happened after the death of King Louis XVI in which the French citizens fought to overthrow the monarch. This occurred in response to the rough times the peasant class was having, such as poor living and working conditions, and how hard it was to earn enough money, especially since the food prices were going up. The revolution ended once Napoleon Bonaparte took over as the leader of France. -
Period: to
Haitian Revolution
The Haitian Revolution was one of the largest and most successful slave rebellions in the world. Haitian slaves, who were at the time under the control of France, were inspired by the new RIghts of Man law in France, and decided to abolish slavery in Haiti. The slaves were tired of being mistreated so badly, that they were able to not only end slavery in Haiti, but they were also able to take it away from France, and form their own country. -
Period: to
Opium Wars
The Opium Wars happened between the Qing dynasty in China and the British Government over disagreements on the Opium trade. Great Britain had been exporting large amounts of Opium to China, since several people in China had become addicted to it. This was great for Britain, since they were gaining lots of money, but the Chinese government was unhappy with the trade of Opium. The Chinese government made opium illegal, leading to wars between the two forces, ending in the fall of the Qing Dynasty. -
Period: to
Tanzimat Reforms
The Tanzimat Reforms were reforms created by the Ottoman Empire created to stop it from losing its power. They were an attempt to modernize the Ottoman Empire and keep it up to date with other successful nations. The reforms were greatly influenced by French Law, due to the fact that France at the time was doing well economically. Although the reforms were effective, they did not stop the decline of Ottoman power. -
Period: to
Taiping Rebellion
The Taiping Rebellion was a rebellion held against the Qing dynasty rule, by Chinese christians who wanted to bring down the Manchus. This rebellion sparked a war between the Taiping forces, also known as the God Worshipping Society, and the Qing forces. The Taiping forces were not successful, but the war was one of the bloodiest wars in China, with millions of people dying and fleeing China. -
Period: to
Sepoy Mutiny
The Sepoy Mutiny was the first rebellion held against British rule in India. It began due to the harsh treatment of the Indians by the British, as well as the unwanted western influence affecting Hindu and Muslim cultures, and spread throughout India, making it a widespread revolt. Due to the fact that Britain had more powerful forces and the Indian revolt was quite unorganized, the Sepoy Mutiny failed, and the Hindu and Muslim Indians were unable to stop western influence. -
Period: to
Meiji Revolution
The Meiji Revolution was a political revolution to overthrow the Shogunate rule in Japan, and end the Edo period. This was done due to the fact that Japan was being held back economically while the rest of the world was vastly improving through industrialization. The Meiji restoration was an attempt to westernize Japan, and it was a success which brought in more foreign trade with other countries. -
Period: to
Scramble for Africa
The Scramble for Africa occurred when there were economic issues going on within several European countries, and they were losing money. They took over certain areas in Africa, with the use of imperialism, and used the resources found in Africa. This included the African people, who they believed to be lesser than them, due to their "savage" culture. This led to the Europeans using the African people as slaves and workers. -
Period: to
Berlin Conference
The Berlin Conference was a conference held between the European powers in attempts to split up Africa for each European country to claim as their own territory. It was held in this way in order to avoid conflict between the countries in claiming Africa. This later led to The Scramble for Africa in which the European countries colonized parts of Africa for its resources and land.