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Period: 467 to 1450
Feudalism in Europe
Feudalism in Europe was defined by a social pyramid in which the King was at the top and the Serfs were at the bottom. The king would give out Land to people known as Fiefs and then serfs would work on that land to pay for for earn money for the higher parts of this pyramid but earned protection and justice for doing so. -
Period: 618 to 1279
Tang and Song Dynasties
The Tang dynasty followed the Sui dynasty in an attempt to further expand China, unlike the Sui, The Tang dynasty was able to conquer Central Asian Tribes.This Dynasty revived confusianism, civil service exam and it even supported Buddhism. During the Tang and Song dynasties there were many inventions such as the moveable type, gunpowder and Champa rice which would grow at any time of the year, -
Period: 750 to 1258
Abbasid Caliphate
Under the Abbasid Caliphate, The House of Wisdom was created in Baghdad (The center of the silk road). The House of Wisdom was a university for people went to study many subjects such as Math, Astrology, Medicine and also was a place for Greek and Roman text translations. -
Period: 1206 to 1526
Delhi Sultanate
The Delhi Sultanate was important because it brought the Muslim Religion to India which brought diversity between different cultures. One of the biggest things about the Delhi Sultanate was that they did not force you to convert to Islam but if you did not convert then you would have to pay a tax. Therefore some people converted but most did not. -
Period: 1206 to 1368
Mongol Empire
The Mongol Empire started by Gengis Khan in 1206 was a very important empire and the 2nd biggest in history. The soldiers were trained in horseback and archery which was a new strategy that people feared from the Mongols. They also created something known as the Pax Mongolica which created a source of communication between the different parts of the Mongol Empire and also made the Silk Road a safer place to carry goods but at the price of tribute. -
Period: 1235 to
Mali Empire
The Mali Empire was an important Islamic empire that controlled important trade between the Sahara Desert, Europe and the Middle East. The Mali Empire was very rich in Salts and in Gold which was very useful to other countries to gain wealth. -
Period: 1279 to 1368
Yuan Dynasty
The Yuan Dynasty was the first foreign led dynasty in China. This was during the time of Kublai Khan. The Yuan dynasty is known for bringing China together and this was in attempt to fight the Mongols and get their country back. The Yuan Dynasty is also known for reaching a high point when it came to porcelain. -
Period: 1299 to
The Ottoman Empire
One of the most powerful and long lasting empires was the Ottoman Empire. It was Muslim controlled by Turks who conquered the Byzantine Empire. They continued to grow throughout the long time that they were in power. Even though they were strong people also recognize them for their art, science and medical achievements. -
Period: 1345 to 1521
Aztec Empire
The Aztec Empire was formed in Tenochtitlan which was the main village, built on Lake Texcoco, that they lived in. This was comprised of a main temple and many other buildings. The Aztecs were a polytheistic religion that believed in a form of human sacrifice to please many of the gods so they could continue to live in peace and with good health. They were later taken over by Spanish Conquistador Hernan Cortes. -
1347
Bubonic Plague
The Bubonic Plague was a virus that was transferred to people through Fleas that was believed to have come from China but was also blamed on the jews which was possibly an influence for Anti-Semitism. The plague started a term known as flaggelants which were people who whipped themselves to show God that they were sorry and to remove the plague from them, This however did not work and the Catholic Church lost a lot of its influence. -
Period: 1368 to
The Ming Dynasty
The Ming dynasty was the dynasty that followed the Yuan after the collapse of the Mongols. Part of the Ming Dynasty were the famous voyages of Zheng He who went around to other Asian countries such as the Thailand and India to try and spread the tributary trade of China. Also during this period The Forbidden City was constructed which was a very important place for the higher ups of Chinese government. -
Period: 1400 to 1533
Inca Empire
The Incas were originally a small tribe in the southern highlands of Peru. In less than a century, during the 1400s, they built one of the largest, most tightly controlled empires the world has ever known. Roads, walls, and irrigation works constructed by the Incas were so advance that we even use some of them today. Much like the Aztecs the Incas were taken out by Spanish Conquistadors, specifically Francisco Pizarro. -
Period: 1400 to
Age of Exploration
The Age of Exploration follows the European Renaissance. With an increased trade due to the renaissance European countries decided to explore new countries. This started in the early 15th century with Henry the Navigator who created a school for navigation. Later on Portugal, Spain and England all sent explorers out to do specific task. Portugal is the first to sail to the tip of Africa as well as get to India from around Africa.Spain is the first to discover America in 1492. -
Period: 1400 to
European Renaissance
The Renaissance was a time for discovery and a bridge from the Middle ages on forward. This was a time where people started the practice of Humanism which was looking back on human achievements and to keep going and furthering those achievements. rather than seeing everything as God creations. -
Period: 1450 to
Portuguese Trading Post Empire
During the Age of Exploration Portugal set up over 50 different trading post from West Africa to East Africa some of the more known ones are the one set up in Calicut by Vasco De Gama and the use of the Straight of Malacca. This was not an attempt to control other civilizations but merely a plan to earn more money by merchants. -
Period: 1502 to
Atlantic Slave Trade
Slave trade was part of the famous Triangle Trade that occurred within The Americas, Africa and Europe.Slaves were treated to be cargo, to be sold to work on coffee, tobacco, cocoa, sugar, and cotton plantations, gold and silver mines, rice fields, the construction industry, cutting timber for ships, and many other jobs. This was the cheapest way for Europe to gain money from the colonies they set up during exploration. -
Period: 1517 to
The Reformation
The Reformation was a time that was used to challenge the Catholic Church. This became popular due to Martin Luther's 95 theses that were put right on the Catholic Churches door to counteract the selling of indulgences to make money by the Catholic Church. This set up many more forms of Christian such as Lutheran and Protestant -
Period: 1526 to
The Mughal Empire
The Mughal dynasty was notable for its more than two centuries of effective rule over much of India; for the ability of its rulers, who through seven generations maintained a record of unusual talent; and for its administrative organization. Another importance was the attempt of the Mughals, who were Muslims, to integrate Hindus and Muslims into a united Indian state. -
Period: to
Tokugawa Shogunate
The Tokugawa Shogunate was a time of peace, stability, and economic growth within Japan. led by Tokugawa Ieyasu. Social Structure changed during this period as the Samurai were not needed in times of peace, they became part of a bureaucratic order. Part of this new Japan was that the officials in the government would meet all together in Edo from time to time to maintain balance. -
Period: to
Meiji Revolution
Following the Tokugawa shogunate, The Meiji Restoration was the time of modernization and westernization of Japan. This was after Sakoku which was Japans isolation policies to keep out westernization.This was only after Matthew Perry forced Japan to open its borders to trade.Eventually western culture and intelligence were encouraged in Japan. -
Period: to
Qing Dynasty
During the early 17th century, The Manchu People invaded and subjugated many regions of China, ending the Ming Dynasty and starting the Qing. As well as the Ming dynasty, The Qing carried out the isolation policies though they were not as strict. The Qing would be the last Dynasty to rule China, probably the biggest achievement of the Qing is that the expanded China's territory a bit and grew in population. -
Period: to
The Enlightenment
The Age of Enlightenment was an intellectual and philosophical movement that dominated the world of ideas in Europe during the 17th to 19th centuries. This included many idea such as John Locke's idea to protect the natural right of citizens (Life, Liberty, Property). Montesquieu's idea of separation of power, Jean Rousseau's idea that everyone is born equal and many more. -
Period: to
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution was a time when production started to leave small places and were taken to large factories where many people could work at a time. This caused people to move from rural parts to the cities which caused for expansion in cities. Due to harsh working conditions and unfair pay, Labor unions were created. Labor unions were a group of workers who would fight for workers rights and later on this became more popular. -
Period: to
American Revolution
The American Revolution was a revolt of the 13 colonies from British rule. This occured after the stamp act and after the tea act. Colonist were tired of being so heavily taxed since Britain had just fought over the Ohio River Delta and they were poor. The colonist ended up winning the war and creating their own constitution. This inspired many other countries to do the same in the following years. -
Period: to
French Revolution
After helping the Americans against the British,The French were on the brink of bankrupt. This meant that they would need to enforce tax reforms.These tax reforms hit heavily on the lower class to the point that people would start to burn documents. After many events they were led to the Reign of Terror which thousands of people were executed if they were suspected of wanting to overthrow the government. Eventually a man named Napoleon became an army general and coup d'etat ended the revolution. -
Period: to
Haitian Revolution
The Haitian revolution is recognized as a very significant part of history due to the fact that slaves had initially started the revolution and also succeeded in it as well. This was done by someone named Toussaint Louverture who led the first successful slave revolt that created an independent state. -
Period: to
Tanzimat Reforms
The Tanzimat Reforms were a series of educational, economical, and political reforms that would help the incline of Ottoman Empire power. The Ottoman Government was forced to adopt economic reforms to ensure that it had sufficient resources to compete with the western powers. They adopted modernizing and secularizing policies to transform the economy. The reforms were radical and contrary to the Muslim ethos of the Empire and the Islamic scholars.This led to the end of the Ottoman Empire in WWI -
Period: to
Opium Wars
For years the British had been selling the Indian produced opium to China to use in their medicines. This later got out of control when China decided to start using the Opium for its change in behavior effect. This boosted Britain's economy due to how much they could sell to China. China eventually wanted to stop buying due to the amount of addicts and forcefully made the British stop stocks in it. This angered the British therefore tension was sparked and eventually the British won the war. -
Period: to
Taiping Rebellion
The Taiping goal was simple: destroy the Manchus and restore to China her past greatness. Unfortunately this led to the deaths of over 20 million chinese. This was because it a civil war between all the sanctions of China with no government to control all of it. This led to the end of all dynastic rule in China but overall was still a failure. -
Period: to
Sepoy Mutiny
The Sepoy Mutiny was an uprising against the British rule that took place in India. Even though this revolution failed in the end It drove a wedge between the Muslim and Hindu soldiers. It marked India's first attempt to gain independence from Britain. It led to an increase in the power of the East India Company. -
Period: to
Scramble for Africa
The Scramble for Africa was a time when European countries raced to see who could colonize the most African countries. This was good for them because they received a lot of people to grow African crops for the European benefit, but many Africans were killed by the Europeans or died by working themselves to death. This was all done due to the growing sense of imperialism in Europe. -
Period: to
Berlin Conference
The Berlin conference took place in 1884-1885 and was also known as the Congo conference and the West Africa conference. The purpose was to regulate European colonization and trade in Africa during the New Imperialism period. This was to avoid conflicts between the European countries about what African land was claimed by who.