-
Period: to
Indian Indepence Movement
The Indian independence movement was a series of events with the goal of ending British rule in India. Most of the movements were peaceful, led by Gandhi. -
Mandela joins the African National Congress
Mandela joined the African National Congress to negotiate an end to apartheid and make Africa free from injustice. -
Partition of India
As a part of the Indian Independence Act of 1947 India was divided into India and Pakistan. The Partition of India was due to religious differences but was greatly unsuccessful. -
Period: to
Apartheid
The racial segregation under the all-white government of South Africa separated non-white Africans from white Africans. -
Period: to
Mau Mau Rebellion
The war was the Mau Mau against the British authorities. The Mau Mau violently resisted British domination in Kenya. -
Cuban Revolution
The revolution was led by Fidel Castro with the goal of overthrowing the government. They were successful and a new government was established. -
Period: to
Algerian War for Independence
The Algerian War for Independence was between France and the Algerian National Liberation Front. Algeria gained its independence from France. -
Ghana Independence Movement
In 1957 Ghana gained independence from Britain. Kwame Nkrumah was the leader that turned Ghana into a republic with himself as the president. -
Sharpeville massacre
During protests police fired on a crowd of Black people, killing or wounding some 250 of them. It was one of the first and most violent demonstrations against apartheid in South Africa. -
Mandela: Umkhonto we Sizwe
In 1961, Nelson Mandela co-founded and became the first leader of Umkhonto we Sizwe, “Spear of the Nation”, a new armed wing of the African National Congress. -
Congo Independence Movement
The Congo Independence Movement movement was in the Belgian Congo that demanded the end of colonial rule. The country gained independence on 30 June 1960. -
Period: to
Mandela is arrested
Mandela and 155 other activists were arrested and went on trial for treason. He spent 27 years in prison -
Period: to
Cambodian Civil War
A civil war between the Khmer Rouge along with the communists of Cambodia and government forces. The war was over communism in Cambodia. The Khmer Rouge proclaimed the establishment of Democratic Kampuchea. -
The Bantu Homelands Citizenship Act of 1970
Declared that all Africans were citizens of “homelands,” rather than of South Africa itself, with the goal of having no African citizens of South Africa. -
Period: to
"Independent" homelands: loss of citizenship
Transkei, Venda, Bophuthatswana, and Ciskei were declared “independent” and eight million Africans lost their South African citizenship. -
Iranian Revolution
The Iranian Revolution was in 1978 because the Iranian government was not meeting citizens' expectations. The war ended in the fall of the monarchy and a republic was established. -
"Independent" homelands: Restoration of South African Citizenship
in 1986, South African citizenship was restored to those people who were born outside the four “independent” homelands. After 1994, the homelands were reabsorbed into South Africa -
Mandela: president of African National Congress
Mandela was appointed as the president of the African National Congress by acclamation and he received the Prince of Asturias of International Cooperation. A year later, he received the Nobel Peace Prize. -
Nelson Mandela: president of South Africa
Mandela became the first Black president of South Africa, forming a multiethnic government to oversee the country’s transition from Apartheid.