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Jessie's Phonology at Birth
A phonological milestone that happens at birth, the child produces reflexive sounds and discriminates languages from different rhythmic classes
- Ex: When Jessie would get tired, he would start to get fussy until I rocked him to sleep. -
Jessie's Pragmatics at Birth
A pragmatic milestone that happens at birth, the child prefers infant directed speech to adult directed speech
- Ex: When Jessie’s dad would talk to him, Jessie would smile at him and watch him. -
Jessie's Semantics at Birth
A semantic milestone that happens at birth the child looks towards the source of sound and also gets startled in response to loud sound
- Ex: When I would turn on his bottle warmer, it would make a loud sound causing Jessie to get scared and he would turn his head towards the sound to see what was going on. -
Jessie's Phonology at 4 Months
A phonological milestone that happens at 4 months of age is that the infant can produce vowel sounds, vowel glides, squeals, and growls. This means that the infant is able to vocalize specific sounds.
-Ex: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aV6QMtEuQzg&t=39s -
Jessie's Semantics at 4 Months
A semantic milestone at 4 months of age is being able to form object categories. This means that the infant is starting to be able to distinguish the difference between objects and recognize and identify different objects.
-Ex: While reading a book, Jessie points to the picture of the dog instead of the picture of a couch when asked to point to an animal. -
Jessie's Pragmatics at 4 Months
A pragmatic milestone at 4 months of age is that the infant begins to recognize their own name and fixes their gaze on different faces. This means that the infant is able to respond when their name is called and fixate their attention on other people’s faces.
-Ex: When Jessie’s name is being called by his dad, he immediately looks up in response and is able to fixate his attention on his dad’s face. -
Jessie's Phonology at 8 Months
- Discriminates native from nonnative stress patterns; pays attention to fine phonetic detail; Is able to distinguish between native and nonnative phonotactic patterns; uses phonotactic cues to locate boundaries of words in fluent speech; babbles (reduplicated, variegated)
- Jessie starts to say things such as “bababa” and “mamama”
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Jessie's Semantics at 8 Months
- Looks in correct place for objects out of sight; searches for partially hidden objects
- Jessie starts to look for a toy that is always placed inside the same toy basket, out of sight
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Jessie's Pragmatics at 8 Months
- Begins to use intentional communication; has the following preverbal language functions: attention seeking, requesting, greeting, transferring, protesting or rejecting, responding or acknowledging, and informing
- Jessie starts to scream when a toy is taken away from him.
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Jessie's Phonology at 11 months
At 11 months of age, a phonological milestone is that they no longer discriminate between two allophones of the same phoneme. This indicates that they start making combinations of two vowel sounds inside a single syllable—jargon babble emerges. An example would be Jessie beginning to produce "dada," "mama", and "uh-oh!" -
Jessie's Semantics at 11 months
A semantic milestone at 11 months of age is comprehending logical actions as means to a goal as they produce their first words (and understand 5-10 words). An example is when Jessie looks and tries to produce words like “no” when he does not want more food from his mother. -
Jessie's Pragmatics at 11 months
A pragmatic milestone at 11 months is that infants use imperative pointing and utter their first true word. This means that the infant's point of attention comes from his gaze and his use of pointing to arrive at a goal. An example is when Jessie is in his room (safe environment), points to a toy, and says 'mama.' -
Jessie's Semantics at 12 Months
A semantic milestone at 12 months is when Jessie is able to speak his first word. Ex: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lpz9bTUcJBE -
Jessie's Pragmatics at 12 months
A pragmatic milestone at 12 months is when Jessie uses referential and line gestures, voice direction, and body posture to assume intentions behind other people's behavior. An example would be when Jessie holds her fist to her ear to indicate she is on the telephone with her dad. Another example: Jessie waves “bye” after seeing her mom doing it. -
Jessie's Phonology at 12 Months
- Has mostly unintelligible speech, except for a few words
- Jessie babbles a lot but can say words such as "Mama" and "Baby"
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Jessie's Syntax/Morphology at 12 Months
- 50% of all utterances consist of single nouns
- Half of the time that Jessie is talking, he uses singular words such as "Mama" and "Milk"
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Jessie's Semantics at 16 Months
A semantic milestone at 16 months is when Jessie is able to use between 3 and 20 words. Ex: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bhidpsmNJMM -
Jessie's Pragmatics at 16 months
A pragmatic milestone at 16 months is when Jessies utilizes verbal turn-taking. This means that Jessie can have a back-and-forth interaction. An example is playing hide and seek or building a tower out of blocks, as it delivers turn-taking skills. -
Jessie's Phonology at 16 Months
- Pronounces about 25% of all words intelligibly
- Some of Jessie's vocabulary is becoming easier to understand, such as words like "Mama," "Baby" and "Bye-Bye"
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Jessie's Syntax/Morphology at 16 Months
- Uses negative (no)
- 33% of all utterances consist of single nouns
- Jessie starts to respond with "No" when his mom tries to hand him a toy
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Jessie's Semantics at 20 Months
A semantic milestone at 20 months is when Jessie is able to produce around 50 words that include some verbs and adjectives. At this time, Jessie is experiencing a vocabulary spurt. Ex: Jessie’s father asks Jessie to describe the family dog. Jessie says that the dog is “brown, fluffy, big, and cuddly.” -
Jessie's Pragmatics at 20 months
A pragmatic milestone at 20 months is Jessie uses gesture–word combinations and two-gesture combinations. This means that Jessie combines words to deliver a message using gestures. An example is Jessie trying to say, “thank mom,” or “you go!” A two-gesture combination is Jessie pointing to the cookie jar and saying, “mommy.” -
Jessie's Phonology at 20 Months
- Processes spoken words incrementally
- Jessie is able to understand certain words such as "Ba-Ba/Bottle" and "Eat"
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Jessie's Syntax/Morphology at 20 Months
- Has an MLU of approximately 1.62 (21 months)
- Begins to use grammatical morphemes
- Jessie starts to add -s to the end of words, such as the word "Toys"
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Jessie's Semantics at 24 Months
A semantic milestone at 24 months is that Jessie is now able to produce approximately 200 words. Ex: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zxpt3VFpiyo -
Jessie's Phonology at 24 months
A Phonology milestone at 24 months is when Jessie asks questions with rising intonation and pronounces about 65% of all words intelligibly. Example- Jessie walks over to his father next to the window and asks “Daddy what that?” -
Jessie's Syntax/Morphology at 24 months
The Syntax and Morphology used at 24 months is when Jessie begins using two-word combinations. Has an MLU of about 1.92 in Brown’s Stage II. Jessie also uses prepositions in and on, plural and possessive morphemes, and some irregular past tense verbs. Example-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nt4CypX2XPw -
Jessie's Pragmatics at 24 months
A pragmatic milestone at 24 months: Jessie uses imaginative, heuristic, and informative language functions. This means that Jessie uses a variety of language functions to find out information, role-play, and inform. An example is Jessie saying, “who that?” after seeing someone she does not know. Another example is Jessie having a tea party while playing with her kitchen toys and saying, “drink up, wuddle!” -
Jessie's Semantics at 28 Months
A semantic milestone at 28 months is Jessie overgeneralizes about one-third of all new words. This means that Jessie uses new words he learns in either a categorical, analogical, or relational overly general manner. Ex: Since Jessie learned the word “apple,” he calls all red and round foods “apples.” -
Jessie's Phonology at 28 months
A Phonology milestone at 28 months is when Jessie pronounces about 70% of all words intelligibly. Jessie demonstrates final consonant omission, substitution of consonants. Example- Jessie told his Grandma that “I wana go to poll now and swim.” -
Jessie's Syntax/Morphology at 28 months
The Syntax and Morphology used at 28 months is when Jessie is in Brown’s Stage 3, 30 months of age. She also uses present progressive morpheme -ing with mastery. Example-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H0MGEifC7Do
- Note: Since Jessie’s Syntax and Morphology form is at 30 months at the age of 28 months, this video explains Jessie’s speech at the time. -
Jessie's Pragmatics at 28 months
A pragmatic milestone at 28 months: Jessie starts and changes a discussion topic. She also engages in short dialogues. This means that her point of attention is directed somewhere else. An example would be when Jessie wants her mom to look at her shirt, “look mommy,” “look daddy,” “mine shirt,” and “no shirt,” but then proceeds to play with her toys in minutes. -
Jessie's Semantics at 34 Months
A semantic milestone at 34 months is Jessie is able to ask simple questions. Ex: While reading a book with Jessie’s mother, Jessie points to a group of people on the page and asks, “how many are there?” -
Jessie's Phonology at 34 months
A Phonology milestone at 34 months when Jessie suppresses the most common phonological processes by this age. Jessie also pronounces about 80% of all words intelligibly. Example- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vkCcEIUqMtw&t=2s -
Jessie's Syntax/Morphology at 34 months
The Syntax and Morphology used at 34 months is when Jessie uses some contractions, 25% of all utterances that consist of single nouns and 25% consist of single verbs. Jessie also has an MLU of about 2.85-3.16 at this age. Example- Jessie’s mother picked him up from Preschool and on the car ride home. The mom asked Jessie how he got that toy and he said “The teacher gave it to me.” -
Jessie's Pragmatics at 34 months
A pragmatic milestone at 34 months: Jessie clarifies and requests clarification during conversations. An example would be Jessie saying “what daddy?” “what happened to toy?” and “why did fly away?" -
Jessie's Syntax and Morphology at 36 months
The Syntax and Morphology used at 36 months is when Jessie uses four to five words in a sentence and also uses compound sentences with and. Ex- Jessie was pointing at the pantry and Jessie said “Can I have a sandwich?” "Could I have cheese and grapes too?" -
Jessie's Phonology at 36 Months
- Begins to develop shallow phonological awareness abilities
- Jessie is starting to identify words that rhyme, such as "Cat and "Pat"
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Jessie's Semantics at 36 Months
A semantic milestone at 36 months is Jessie can use the pronouns: they, them, and us. Ex: Jessie points to his friends and asks his mom, “Can they come with us to the park?” -
Jessie's Pragmatic at 36 Months
A pragmatic milestone at 36 months is when Jessie begins to engage in more extended dialogues. This means Jessie is fully interested in what she is trying to say. An example would be having a typical conversation in the park. (https://youtu.be/blTurFmZLrU) -
Jessie's Syntax and Morphology at 40 months old
The Syntax and Morphology used at 40 months is when Jessie uses pronouns consistently and also uses adverbs. Ex- When I picked up Jessie from Preschool, Jessie explained that “Sammy took my toy today when I was playing.” -
Jessie's Phonology at 40 Months
- Continues to refine articulatory skills
- Jessie is starting to pronounce words more efficiently, articulating each sound
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Jessie's Semantics at 40 Months
A semantic milestone at 40 months is that Jessie can understand relational terms.
This means that Jessie is able to express logical relationships. Ex: When Jessie’s mom asked him to tell her the opposite of “wet,” Jessie excitedly says, “dry!” -
Jessie's Pragmatics at 40 Months
A pragmatic milestone at 40 months is when Jessie begins to use primitive narratives and make conversational repairs. This means that Jessie’s conversation could look like the following: “My dad, he went up to go to work. My mom stayed and sleep in. My two brothers, they went to go play with the toys. My dog, she went outside.” (https://www.speechtherapyct.com/whats_new/Child%20Narrative%20Development.pdf) -
Jessie's Syntax and Morphology at 44 months old
The Syntax and Morphology used at 44 months is when Jessie uses past tense and contractions consistently. Ex-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=51CC3wtAFkE -
Jessie's Phonology at 44 Months
- Has mastered most consonants
- Jessie can articulate the majority of consonants in his vocabulary (sounds such as /k/, /b/, /t/ etc)
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Jessie's Semantics at 44 Months
A semantic milestone at 44 months is that Jessie is able to produce and use kinship terms. This means that Jessie is able to describe relationships pertaining to him. Ex: While Jessie is talking about his recent trip to his friend he says, “My mom and dad took me to see my grandma!” -
Jessie's Pragmatics at 44 Months
A pragmatic milestone at 44 months is that Jessie understands indirect requests accompanied by nonverbal pointing. This means that Jessie can follow along with an indirect request from others. For example, when Jessie and Mom go to the grocery store, the mom says and points at the catfish in the seafood area, “Look, Jessie, there’s a lot of catfishes in the tank!” -
Jessie's Syntax and Morphology 48 months old
The Syntax and Morphology used at 48 months is when Jessie combines four to seven words in a sentence. Jessie also uses contractible and uncontractible auxiliaries, with the use of irregular third person. Ex- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g1UW3gnVGkg -
Jessie's Phonology at 48 Months
- Decreases use of phonological processes (e.g., weak-syllable deletion, cluster reduction)
- Jessie starts pronouncing each syllable in a word efficiently, such as "banana" instead of "nana"
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Jessie's Semantics at 48 Months
A semantic milestone at 48 months is that Jessie overextends new words on the basis of object function. This means that Jessie still overextends the names of objects, but he is now able to consider the function of an object and not only its appearance. Ex: Jessie now calls all writing utensils (e.g. pencils, pens, markers) “pencils.” -
Jessie's Pragmatics at 48 Months
A pragmatic milestone at 48 months is when Jessie uses interpretive, logical, and organizational functions. She also constructs true narratives. Jessie can begin having a discourse and using these functions stated below (shown in order):
“I was pretty scared after watching that movie.”
“Let’s put our boots on so our feet don’t get wet.”
“I don’t like this game. Let’s play a different one.”
“First we added the flour, and next we added the eggs.” -
Jessie's Syntax and Morphology at 52 months
The Syntax and Morphology used at 52 months is when Jessie uses subordination and coordination in sentences. Jessie also uses irregular plural forms consistently. Ex. Jessie and his friends went to the zoo and walked past the aquamarine. Jessie pointed at the fish and Jessie said “Mom look at the fish but look at the turtle.” -
Jessie's Semantics at 52 Months
A semantic milestone at 52 months is that Jessie uses “what” questions: “what do, what does, what did.” Ex: While at the zoo, Jessie asks his mom, “What does a giraffe eat?” -
Jessie's Pragmatics at 52 Months
A pragmatic milestone at 52 months is that Jessie uses indirect requests. This means that Jessie is trying to use nonverbal communication by using her hands to grab attention with an indirect request. For example, when Jessie goes to the annual carnival close to her home, she stops walking and says while pointing, “Mommy, I want that candy.” (Jessie is looking at the blue cotton candy). -
Jessie's Phonology at 54 Months
- Is very intelligible in connected speech
- Has mastered almost all consonant sounds, but they may not be mastered in all contexts
- Jessie can pronounce almost all of his consonant sounds, but sometimes doesn't use them correctly, such as "I rans away"
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Jessie's Syntax and Morphology at 58 months
The Syntax and Morphology used at 58 months is when Jessie combines five to eight words in sentences. Ex- Dad came to pick up Jessie from Preschool early and Jessie was so excited. Jessie tells dad “We watched a movie today because it's Friday!” -
Jessie's Phonology at 58 Months
- Knows letters that make up own name
- Shows only languishing difficulties with the later-developing sounds
- Has some persisting phonological processes
- Jessie has trouble saying "yellow" and pronounces it as "lellow"
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Jessie's Semantics at 58 Months
A semantic milestone at 58 months is that Jessie uses deictic terms: this, that, here, and there. This means that Jessie is able to provide context for the location of the speaker in a certain environment: close or far. Ex: While building a block tower with his dad Jessie says, “This block needs to be over there!” -
Jessie's Pragmatics at 58 Months
A pragmatic milestone at 58 months is that Jessie uses narratives in a sequence with a sequence of events but does not inform a main character or theme. An example would be when Jessie tells a story about her time in the Jungle and only mentions animals but does not mention or inform the main character.
(https://youtu.be/jBVDiz-LY7w)