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The Bourbon Reforms
These were rules and regulations set up by various crowns os Spain under the House of Bourbon. These regulations established the idea of mercantilism ( Benefit to the mother country). These stripped non-Spanish born people of their power, and established a Caste System in New Spain. -
America declares Independence from Britain.
On this day, the colonists issued a deceleration of war against Britain, thus declaring independence from Britain. This begins to show that the ideas of the Enlightenment can be fought for and won. -
The Napoleonic Wars and Influence
In 1808, Napoleon invaded Spain and Overthrew King Ferdinand VII. He appointed his brother Joseph Bonaparte to take the reigns of the country. Spain now had no control over their colonies, so that created a loss of communication among Spain and its colonies. This was one major influence for the revolution. -
The attempted Coup against Jose de Iturrigaray in Mexico
The Mexico City council supported by Jose claimed sovereignty against Spain because of the absence of Ferdinand VII. This led to an attempted Coup against Viceroy Iturrigaray. It was eventually suppressed, and the leaders of the movement were jailed. However, this inspired many other movements in New Spain -
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Miguel Hidalgo and His Movement
Miguel Hidalgo was apart of a pro independence group in San Miguel. He was prompted to take action after his plans were found out by the Spaniards. On September 16, 1810 he rang the church bell in Dolores and called upon his parishioners; His speech was a cry for equality and independence, it became known as the Grito de Dolores. Hildago and his followers marched to Dolores and captured the city of Guanajuato. Hildago was eventually captured and killed by a firing squad. -
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Jose Maria Morelos and his Campaign
Morelos was also a priest from Mexico. He was inspired to join Hidalgo's insurgency after hearing his Grito de Dolores. He was eventually promoted to Lieutenant in 1811. Hidalgo's forces were greatly diminished by the time Morelos took over. However, Morelos implemented Guerrilla warfare tactics to gain advantage. Even with the tactics being deployed, Morelos suffered many defeats, and was eventually captured by the Spanish Royalist Army. He was executed on Dec. 22 1815 by the Spaniards. -
Battle of Monte de las Cruces
This battle was a pivotal advance for Hidalgo's army. This was the furthest they ever advanced. The battle was fought between Hidalgo's rebels against the New Spain royalists under the command of Torcuato Trujillo. It was fought in Sierra de las Cruces, which is located in present day Ocoyolacac, Mexico. Hidalgo's army entered with 80,000 troops and lost 3,500. Hidalgo's army won the battle, however, his army eventually retreated back to Guadalajara for an unknown reason. -
The Congress of Chilpancingo and the Creation of the Acta Solemne de la Declaración de Independencia de la América Septentrional.
On September 13th, 1813 Morelos called together this Congress to separate from Spain. They met in Chilpancingo from September to November. They worked tirelessly,but on November 6th, the Congress finished the first document declaring Independence. This document was known as the Acta Solemne de la Declaración de Independencia de la América Septentrional. -
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Bolivar's Campaign to Liberate New Granada
Bolivar and his troops were trying to make a push towards Bogota. They had to cut through the Andes Mountains, 100s of miles of plains, swaps, and rivers. They lost many men along the way due to the conditions. Not even their horses could survive the mountain pass. Eventually, the encountered soldiers at Boyaca. Bolivar's outnumbered forces fought hard and won the battle. They pushed the Spaniards out, and liberated almost all of Gran-Columbia -
The Battle of Carabobo
This decisive battle was the final one before declaring independence. Bolivar's 7000 Patriots vs Spanish General Miguel de la Torre's 5,000 Royalists. The Patriots won the battle, and as a result pushed Spain out, liberating Venezuela and setting up the Government of Gran-Columbia. -
Establishment of Gran-Columbian Independence
The Congress of Angostura met in Cucuta after the battle to establish a constitution. They resumed the draft on July 21st. The final draft was approved on August 30, 1821, and expedited on July 12, 1822. This declared Gran-Columbia a sovereign nation! -
Agustin de Iturbide
Iturbide was a Mexican General who helped gain Mexican independence from Spain. he was originally a Royalist who didn't want Independence for Mexico. He realized that he would lose power if he ended the Mexican Independence Movement, so he helped the movement instead to achieve their goal. Him and his forces eventually took Mexico City on September 27th, 1821. -
Mexico Achieves Indpendence
On September 27th, 1821 Mexico City was taken by Iturbide's forces, and Mexican Independence was finally achieved! -
The Constitution of 1824
On January 1st, 1824, The United Mexican Sates was created after the constitution was drafted, officially declaring Mexico free from Spain.
