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Galileo Galilei developed the suction pump.
Galileo Galilei(1564-1642) developed the suction pump. When Galilei was 66, he used air to draw underground water up a column, similar to how a syringe draws water. He was perplexed as to why there was a limit to the height water could be raised. -
Evangelista Torricelli developed the first barometer.
Evangelista Torricelli(1608-1647) carride on Galileo's work by derermining that the limit to the height Galileo's pump could draw water was due to atmospheric pressure. When he was 35, he invented a closed-end tube filled with mercury that, in turn, was suspended in a shallow dish filled with liquid mercury. The height of the column of mercury in the tube (measured in mmHg) was equal to the atmospheric pressure acting on the mercury in the pan. -
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Magdeburg hemispheres experiment
Otto von Guericke(1602-1686) made a pump that could create a vacuum so strong that a team of 16 horses could mot pull two metal hemispheres apart.He reasoned that the hemispheres were held together bythe mechanical force of the atomspheric pressure rather than the vacuum.
In 1645, when he was 43, he did the famous Magdeburg hemispheres experiment in Magdeburg, Germany. -
Discovery of atomospheric pressure
Blaise Pascal(1623-1662) used Torricelli's "barometer" and travelled up and down a mountain in southern France. He discovered that the pressure of the atmosphere increased as he moved down the mountain when he was only 25. Sometime later the SI unit of pressure, the Pascal, was named after him. -
The developement of the manometer
Christiaan Huygens(1629-1695) developed the manometer to study the elastic forces in gases when he was 32. -
The total pressure is equal to the sum of the pressure of each gas.
John Dalton(1766-1844), at the age of 35, stated that in a mixture of gases the total pressure is equal to the sum of the pressure of each gas, as if it were in a container alone.The pressure exerted by each gas is called its partial pressure. -
the law of combining volumes
Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac(1778--1850) obwsrved the law of comining volumes when he was 30 years old.He noticed that, for eample, two volumes of hydrogen combined with one volume of oxygen to form two volumes of water. -
Avogadro's Hypothesis
Amadeo Avogadro(1776-1856) suggested, from Fay-Lussac's experiments comducted three years earlier, that the pressure in a comtainer is directly proportional to the number of particles in that container(known as Avogaadro's Hypothesis).This can be illustrated by blowing up a balloon, ball, or tire: the more air is added the larger the container becomes due to increase pressure.He was 35 when he discoverd this number.
