Major Innovations in the History of Biotechnology

By 14abkinner

  • coined the term cells, invention of the microscope

    coined the term cells, invention of the microscope

  • discovery of the simple laws of inheritance of traits that allowed one to predict the outcome of crosses with certain traits

    discovery of the simple laws of inheritance of traits that allowed one to predict the outcome of crosses with certain traits

  • Louis Pasteur described the scientific basis for fermentation and propsed the Germ Theory

    Louis Pasteur described the scientific basis for fermentation and propsed the Germ Theory

  • Johann Miescher found nucleic acid in white bloods cells

    Johann Miescher found nucleic acid in white bloods cells

  • discorvery that genes were on chromosomes

    discorvery that genes were on chromosomes

  • Alexander Flemming proved that genetic material can be moved from one strain of becteria to another

    Alexander Flemming proved that genetic material can be moved from one strain of becteria to another

  • DNA contains the same amount of units of adernine and thymine, cytosine and guanine

    DNA contains the same amount of units of adernine and thymine, cytosine and guanine

  • proved that DNA was the hereditary material

    proved that DNA was the hereditary material

  • the blender experiment proved that viruses replicated using DNA

    the blender experiment proved that viruses replicated using DNA

  • x-ray crystallography showed that DNA was a duble helix

    x-ray crystallography showed that DNA was a duble helix

  • Hayes discovered plasmid DNA

    Hayes discovered plasmid DNA

  • Walter Gilbert discovered the mechanism of gene expression through mRNA

    Walter Gilbert discovered the mechanism of gene expression through mRNA

  • Arber, Nathans, and Smith discovered bacterial restriction enzymes that cut DNA.

    Arber, Nathans, and Smith discovered bacterial restriction enzymes that cut DNA.

  • 64 codons that code for the 20 amino acids making up proteins were discovered

    64 codons that code for the 20 amino acids making up proteins were discovered

  • DNA plasmids were isolated and purified by Vinograd.

    DNA plasmids were isolated and purified by Vinograd.

  • Madel and Higa were responsible for the first transformation of bacterium Escherichia coli.

  • Dolly the sheep was cloned.

    Dolly the sheep was cloned.

  • Sanger and Cillbert found a way to sequence DNA.

  • Cloning experiments were conducted by Boyer and Cohen.

    Cloning experiments were conducted by Boyer and Cohen.

  • Genetech, the world's first genetic engineering company, was founded.

    Genetech, the world's first genetic engineering company, was founded.

  • 140 scientist met to draw up guidlines for work with recombinant DNA in microrganisms.

    140 scientist met to draw up guidlines for work with recombinant DNA in microrganisms.

  • Boyer inserted a synthetic gene in E. coli.

    Boyer inserted a synthetic gene in E. coli.

  • Discovery of personal identification known as DNA fingerprint.

    Discovery of personal identification known as DNA fingerprint.

  • First human baby from vitro infertalization was born.

    First human baby from vitro infertalization was born.

  • U.S. supreme court ruled that genetically altered life forms can be patented.

    U.S. supreme court ruled that genetically altered life forms can be patented.

  • Ohio University scientist make the first transgenic animals.

    Ohio University scientist make the first transgenic animals.

  • Eli Lilly Compaany placed a human insuliln gene inside bacteria.

    Eli Lilly Compaany placed a human insuliln gene inside bacteria.

  • Plants were transformed with Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer.

    Plants were transformed with Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer.

  • Invention of the polymerase chain reaction to amplify DNA in the lab.

    Invention of the polymerase chain reaction to amplify DNA in the lab.

  • Jeffries applied RFLP in DNA to the study of criminal cases.

    Jeffries applied RFLP in DNA to the study of criminal cases.

  • Automated flourescnece sequencer was invented.

    Automated flourescnece sequencer was invented.

  • Genes were moved in organisms through the use of the gene gun.

    Genes were moved in organisms through the use of the gene gun.

  • NIH revised safety guidelines for recombinant DNA to include plants grown in greenhouses and animals raised in barns.

    NIH revised safety guidelines for recombinant DNA to include plants grown in greenhouses and animals raised in barns.

  • Discovery on RNA interference in the worm C. elegans.

    Discovery on RNA interference in the worm C. elegans.

  • Invention of yeast artificial chromosomes.

    Invention of yeast artificial chromosomes.

  • DNA microarray technology was developed.

  • Invention of automated DNA sequencer.

    Invention of automated DNA sequencer.

  • Breaker coined the term ridoswitch for part of an mRNA molecule.

    Breaker coined the term ridoswitch for part of an mRNA molecule.

  • Announcement was made of the completion of the Human Genome Project.

    Announcement was made of the completion of the Human Genome Project.