-
Tariff of Abominations
Tariffs were a big problem for Andrew jackson. There were many high taxes on imported goods like wool. This was to protect the north from big industries like great britain. President John Quincy Adams signed a paper written by congress that said there would be very high taxes on everything imported to america. This made the south very angry. This tariff only added more heat to the already boiling sectionalism. -
Nationalism
Nationalism is the idea of pride and strong feelings of loyalty towards a nation. America was feeling pretty good about itself at the time. They had had many successful and peaceful negotiations with foreign countries. America was doing very well with negotiations because of one kentucky representatives, Henry Clay. He was particularly good with settling disputes and finding the happy medium. Henry Clay saved america from many possible wars. -
Era Of Good Feelings
The Era of Good feelings was a time when the US was finally at peace. There were no wars or disputes. The americans were happy and prosperous. America finally felt united, and the supreme court made the people even more so. There was a trial in 1819 called the McCulloch vs. Maryland in which the supreme court ruled that the a banking system would be set up. In another trial, t was decided that the states could not interfere with congress's power to regulate interstate commerce. -
Adams Omnis Treaty
The adams-onis treaty was signed by america, and spain. Its purpose was to settle the disputes between land ownership and borders between the US and Mexico. Spain gave up east florida, and the US gave up present day texas. The US also agreed to pay spain $5 million. The treaty was negotiated because spain felt oppressed with the fact that Andrew Jackson was fighting a war against indians in their territory. This treaty was signed to stop another war from happening. Spain gave up florida, because -
Missouri Comprmise
Missouri was being torn apart between the north and the south. The compromise helped to settle the disputes. The compromise said that they would enter the union as a slave state, and maine would join the union as a free state so that the number of free to enslaved would be equall. The last part is that any new state would be counted as free. Congress passed this compromise in 1820. -
Santa Fe Trail
For a very long time, the santa fe trail was used much like a highway. It connected missouri to New Mexico, and was used by mexican and americans who wanted to trade goods with one another. At the time New Mexico was part of mexico, and not the US. Disputes about territory boiled between the mexicans and America, and by 1836 the trail was used as war grounds. After that the trail wasn't used as often, and was closed down in 1881. Instead trains took over the need for trails. -
Monroe Docterine
This document was written by james monroe, and it stated that European powers did not apply to America, and that america was self governed. It also promised that the US would not interfere with matters that concerned only european nations. They also promised not to interfere or try to take over the european colonies established in south and north america. The europeans part was to stop colonizing the western hemisphere, as any unclaimed land would belong to america. If europeans did try to colon -
Sectionalism
The peace all around america seemed too good to be true. Towards the Era of Good feelings, america had trouble defining regions. The south created a union, because they did not like the fact that the north wanted slaves to be free. They decided to form their own union so that the government could not take the slaves away from them. This is how the north and the south formed for the civil war. -
Bureau of Indian Affairs
The Bureau of Indian Affairs was created in 1824 by John Calhoun. This was so that the US and indians would get along. The bureau was almost like an organized indian government, but controlled by americans. It set up indian schools, and regulated indian trade.The head of this Bureau also handled all indian foreign affairs. This bureau was not something the indians liked. They did not get a say in what went on, and it to them it was just a system of fraud, mistrust, and cultural damage. They did -
Spoils System
Andrew jackson finally was elected president, and supporters saw his win as a victory. The people were very excited for him. Andrew rewarded some of his big supporters with government jobs. He started the spoils system which is the practice of giving jobs to those who support you. It is named after the quote, “to the victor, go the spoils”. Through this he found one of his strongest allies, Martin Van Buren. -
States Rights Doctrine:
The south was very angry with the tariff and protested it, but it still remained intact. The vice president at the time supported the south, so he wrote a paper called the South Carolina Exposition and Protest. It was about how congress should not favor one state or region over another. He used this paper to help with support the states rights doctrine. This doctrine stated that since the states had formed the national government, the states should have power greater than that of the nation. -
Nullification crisis
Since this paper was written there was a lot of controversy about it, and there were some strong challengers who tried to shoot it down. Many of these opposers were from the northern states, and they did not want the tax to go away because it was helping them. They believed that the american people, and not individual states made up the union. This controversy and debate lasted for a long time, and was known as the nullification crisis. -
Jacksonian Democracy
Andrew jackson lost the presidential election in 1824. Many people were upset about this. Congress decided to lower the amount of land men needed to own in order to vote. Political parties started to hold nominating conventions, so that members of a certain party could nominate who they wanted to run in the election. During this period of 1820-1830, it was known as the jacksonian Democracy. -
Indian Territory
After the indian removal act, all indians east of the mississippi river were forced to move southeast. This is where most of the indians that were still alive lived. They were promised that that territory would be theirs, and it was until we started to move further west. Little by little their land kept being taken, and they kept being relocated. Today, there are very few indians left, and those that are live on very small reservations. -
Indian Removal Act
This was supposed to be a treaty, but was more like a law. Andrew jackson signed the indian removal act in 1830. This was a plan to remove the indians out of their native land and make them relocate in the west.The land west of the mississippi river was promised to them, so long as we got full control of the land we had already claimed. Some indians went peacefully, but many fought back to try and regain their land. This sadly did not work for them, and thousands of indians were forced to walk t -
McCulloch v. Maryland
Andrew jackson upheld his powers to make the ultimate decision in the nullification crisis. He did not always support federalist ideas, for instance he did not use his powers when it came to the banking system. He challenged the banking system, and the state of maryland agreed with him, and decided to take action. They created a tax that had to be paid on bank operations. One cashier from a bank refused to pay this tax, and so he was taken all they way to the supreme court. This trial became kno -
Whig Party
A new political party arose in 1834 that was for the purpose of opposing andrew jackson's ideas. They nominated four people from their party to run against van Buren so that he couldn't become vice president. Despite their efforts he still won the election. Jacksons banking system failed and weakened Van Buren. At the next election, one of their members, William Henry Harrison won the election. This gave the whig party more supporters. Sadly they are no longer a political party. -
Alamo
The americans wanted more land, and they had their eye on texas. Mexico was not so willing to give it up. The Battle of the Alamo broke out. The defenders held out for 13 days. Eventually they broke down. On the 14th day the american army had gotten 32 volunteers to help. Former congressman Davy Crockett was fighting alongside General Santa Anna.Many mexicans lost their lives. Many of them would have rather died than surrendered to Santa Anna. -
Trail of Tears
Because of Andrew Jackson's indian removal act, thousands of indian tribes were forced to move from their homes. Some went willingly, and with others it took force. Most of the indians who were forced out were all part of a massive cherokee tribe. They were forced to move to present day oklahoma. The indians called it the trail of tears as it was very sad, and they faced many challenges. Many died on the journey because of disease, hunger, or fatigue. They were treated very poorly by overseers o -
Manifest Destiny
Manifest destiny was the belief that the americans not only could expand america from coast to coast, but that they it was their destiny, that they had to. This belief made them very determined to expand the US in such a short amount of time. They kicked indians off of the land they had moved them too. They tried to take over Mexico's territory too. This started many battles with mexico and native americans. The US as always came out on top. Today the US still stretches from coast to coast. -
Oregon Trail
The Oregon trail was a trail that led from the midwest US to far out west unclaimed territory. This was a very harsh trail, and many people died in trying to get to the west. Only 1 in 17 people actually made it. It involved going over a long distance of land, with many mountains, and rivers. Most people crossed it in hopes of finding gold, and others did it to escape disease, or to gain new and more fertile farmland. This was a dangerous journey, because the land was harsh, unknown, and was ful -
Donner Party
James donner set out for california in 1846, and was incharge of a large group of people mostly comprised of families. James made the mistake of deciding to take a fairly new route to get to california. It was rugged and crossed through many mountains. The Donner party got caught in the sierra nevada mountains in winter. They had no food, and very little supplies. It was a very harsh winter, 39 of the settlers died. The 48 that survived had only lived because they resorted to cannibalism. -
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
This was a treaty between Mexico and America and it was to stop the constant battles going on between each other. It settled the disputed between land ownership. Mexico gave the US a lot of southern territory like texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, Colorado, and Wyoming. In return the US had to pay mexico $15 million. The mexicans who occupied the newly granted american territory were given the choice between becoming US citizens or relocating. 90% chose to become US citizens. -
California Gold Rush
In 1848 news that gold had been found in california spread across the US. Greed took over the minds of many people in the east, so most of them sold everything they had so that they could travel to california. They all had high hopes of finding lots of gold and becoming rich. Sadly there were so many people who were searching for gold that by the time most settlers got there it was all gone. People would spend hours upon hours of looking for gold, but most never found any or only found gold dust -
Forty-Niners
The forty-niners was a nickname that referred to the settlers who traveled to california in 1849 during the gold rush. Many of these people came from the US and Mexico in hopes of finding gold. Not everyone who went to california in 1849 went for the gold. Some went to set up businesses and sell supplies to the miners. Many people made money off of giving the miners supplies and things to do. A Lot of the people who traveled to california eventually settled there because the land was good for fa -
Gadsden Purchase
The Gadsden purchase was bought by the american ambassador, James Gadsden. It was 29,640 square miles of land that was bought from mexico. The land is now the southern borders of New mexico and Arizona. It was purchased for $10 million. The main purpose for this was so that part of the transcontinental railroad would run through the deep south so that trade with mexico would be more accessible.The railroad wasn't finished until after the civil war, as disputes over slavery took over and those bu
