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Haitian Revolution
Haiti Revolution was a event in which enslaved individuals in the French colony of Saint-Domingue overthrew colonial rule to establish Haiti, the first independent black republic and the first nation to abolish slavery. Sparked by the ideals of the French Revolution, it involved brutal conflicts among slaves, colonists, and foreign powers. Leaders like Louverture and Dessalines guided the revolution, leading to Haiti's independence it and inspired other movements against slavery and colonialism. -
Argentina Independence
The Argentine War of Independence began with the establishment of the First National Government Junta in Buenos Aires. This marked the start of Argentina's struggle to break away from Spanish rule. José de San Martín and Belgrano played pivitol roles in leading military campaigns against Spanish forces. Over the following years, these campaigns gained popularity contributing to broader South American independence movements. Argentina's independence was declared at the Congress of Tucumán. -
Mexican Independence
The Mexican War of Independence began on September 16, 1810, with Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla's "Grito de Dolores," calling for revolt against Spanish rule. The 11 year struggle, led by figures like José María Morelos and Vicente Guerrero, culminated in 1821 with the Treaty of Córdoba, which established Mexico as an independent nation. Finally, in 1821, Mexico achieved independence from Spain with the signing of the Treaty of Córdoba. -
Chilean Independence
Chilean Independence began with the formation of the First National Government Junta on September 18, 1810, which is celebrated as Chile's National Day. After a series of military campaigns and a temporary setback under Spanish reconquest, leaders such as Bernardo O’Higgins and José de San Martín achieved a definitive victory at the Battle of Maipú in 1818, securing Chile's independence from Spanish rule. Spain formally recognized Chile’s independence in 1844. -
Guatemalan Independence
As the administrative center of the Captaincy General of Guatemala, the city played a important role in the region's independence movement. Guatemala declared independence from Spain on September 15, 1821, after the signing of the Act of Independence. It became a part of the short lived Federal Republic of Central America before eventually becoming an independent republic. -
El Salvadoran Independence
El Salvador was one of the provinces of the Captaincy General that signed the Act of Independence in 1821. It then joined the Federal Republic of Central America in 1823. After the federation dissolved, El Salvador experienced several decades of turmoil and conflict before establishing a stable governance structure. -
Nicaraguan Independence
Nicaragua gained independence as part of the unified declaration by the provinces of the Captaincy General of Guatemala. It joined the Federal Republic of Central America and later faced a tumultuous period of political upheaval and foreign interventions, which shaped its path as an independent nation. -
Honduran Independence
Honduras declared independence from Spain with the other Central American provinces on September 15, 1821. It became part of the Federal Republic of Central America and, following the federation's dissolution, faced political instability and economic challenges as an independent state. -
Costa Rican Independence
Relatively isolated from the other Central American provinces, Costa Rica received news of the independence declaration weeks after it was signed. It initially joined the Federal Republic of Central America and later forged its own path as a stable and comparatively prosperous independent nation. -
Brazilian Independence
Brazilian Independence was declared by Prince Dom Pedro, marking Brazil's freedom from Portuguese rule. The move towards independence was relatively peaceful compared to other uprisings, largely due to the unique situation of having a member of the Portuguese royal family lead the movement. Dom Pedro's declaration, famously known as the "Cry of Ipiranga," followed growing tensions. This pivotal moment led to the establishment of the Empire of Brazil, with Dom Pedro as its first emperor.