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Hidalgo's provocative speech
Video: Reenactment of Hidalgo's Speech Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, a parish priest in Dolores, Mexico, rang his church bell to gain the attention of the locals. He then delivered a lively speech which promoted Mexican independence from Spain, racial equality, and other needed reforms. -
Execution of Miguel Hidalgo
Documents Conveying Hidalgo's Stance Hidalgo is shot to death under orders of the Spanish authorities for his heretic opinions. His cause continues under another priest, José María Morelos y Pavón. Depicted: Illustration of Hidalgo's execution -
Paraguayan Independence
Independence of Paraguay occured when colonists overthrow the Spanish governor themselves. Depicted: Casa de la independencia in Asuncion, Paraguay; In this building the colonists began their rebellion against Spainsh rule. -
Battle of Rancagua
A battle during the Chilean War for Independence. Chileans were defeated by Spanish forces. This defeat caused commander Bernardo O'Higgins to seek assistance in Jose de San Martin. Depicted: The Battle of Rancagua -
Independence of Argentina
Argentine independence from Spain; Led by Jose de San Martin Depicted: Casa de la independencia in Tucuman City; Building where Argentine Independence was declared -
Independence of Chile
Chilean Independence led by Bernardo O'Higgins. O'Higgins was placed in power by San Martin to liberate Chile, and remained as a dictator in Chile to encourage and support the nation's reformations. Depicted: Bernardo O'Higgins -
Plan of Iguala Published
Plan of Iguala Agustín de Iturbide, an officer in the Spanish army, changes his stance after crushing independence movements and begins his own. He outlines his policies and procedures in the Plan of Iguala. -
Treaty of Córdoba Signed
Treaty of Cordoba Treaty signed in Córdoba, Veracruz, Mexico by the Spainish crown that recognized Mexican independence. -
Independence of Guatemala
Video: Modern-day Independence Day Celebration in Antigua, Guatemala After observing Mexico's independence, Guatemalans decided to follow the Mexican's lead and break free from Spain themselves. Guatemala then opts to join with Mexico to form a larger state under Iturbide. This arrangement prevails until Iturbide abdicates in 1823. -
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Reign of Emperor Augustin I of Mexico
In the chaos of a newly freed Mexico, Augustin de Iturbide declares himself emperor Augustin I in 1822. He has absolutely no intentions to bring about a republic in Mexico. Because of his ineptitude as a ruler, he abdicates the throne and flees to Europe in 1823. -
Guayaquil Conference
Meeting of Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin. San Martin called Bolivar to meet with him to discuss troubles regarding the liberation of Peru and to receive guidance. Both men found themselves to have strikingly similar interests, and by the end of their meeting, San Martin abdicated his power in Peru, and Bolivar took the initiative to begin its liberation. Depicted: An illustration of Bolivar and San Martin during the Guayaquil Conference -
Brazilian Independence
Dom Pedro, regent of Brazil son of John IV of Portugal, declares Brazilian independence from Portugal. Depicted: Dom Pedro I of Brazil -
Peruvian Independce
Simon Bolivar and his chief of staff Antonio Jose de Sucre win a battle together against the Spanish on August 6th. Sucre finalizes independence for Peru on December 9th at Ayacucho. Later, in 1825, Sucre completes the independence of Upper Peru in the Andes Mountains. Depicted: Antonio Jose de Sucre -
Inception of Bolivia
The region of Upper Peru won by Bolivar's go-to military man Sucre was established as a separate state in 1825 and named Bolivia (to honor Simon Bolivar). Sucre was named president of Bolivia for his lifetime, but his time in office ended with his resignation after two short years. Depicted: Illustration of Simon Bolivar -
Independence of Uruguay
The Initial Attempts at Uruguayan independence by Artigas After Spanish forces are initially put under siege in Montevideo by Jose Gervasio Artigas, Uruguay is technically still unable to declare its own independence. Both Brazil and Argentina fight to take Uruguay for their own territory. Finally, in 1828 Brazil and Argentina sign a treaty to stop their warring and to declare the independence of Uruguay. -
Carlos Antonio Lopez becomes Dictator of Paraguay
Depicted: Carlos Antonio Lopez -
Abolition of Slavery in New Granada (Colombia)
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Civil War in Mexico
Civil War begins in Mexico when the Church is expropriated of its land. This was done in an attempt to precipitate wealth for the middle class. -
Federico Errázuriz Zañartu becomes President of Chile
Depicted: Federico Errázuriz Zañartu -
Abolition of Slavery in Brazil
Brazil was the last nation of the Americas to abolish the practice of slavery. Slaves liberated by Brazilian princess Isabel. -
U.S.A. defeat Spain in the Spanish-American War
U.S.A. gains the Phillipines, Cuba, and Puerto Rico from this victory. This concludes Spanish rule in the Americas. Depicted: "Charge of the Rough Riders at San Juan Hill" By Frederic Remington -
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The Thousand Days' War
Colombian Civil War. This war was raised with disagreements between liberals and conservatives. There was no true victor, and nearly 100,000 Colombian lives were lost. While the war was taking place, the United States helped Panama, a Colombian holding, to independence. -
Argentinian Suffrage
Univeral male suffrage is achieved in Argentina
