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711
The Battle of Guadalete
It was the first major battle of the Umayyad conquest of Hispania. It was fought on what is now southern Spain between the christian visigoths under their king, Roderic, and the invading forces of the Muslim Umayyad Caliphate. Roderic was killed in the battle, along with many members of the Visigothic nobility.
https://history-maps.com/story/Reconquista/event/Battle-of-Guadalete -
1231
Battle of Jerez
King Ferdinand III of Castile and León's troops fought against those of Emir Ibn Hud of the taifa of Murcia. The Castilian forces were led by Ferdinand's brother, Prince Alfonso de Molina, assisted by Álvaro Pérez de Castro. Castile defeats Granada.
https://history-maps.com/story/Reconquista/event/Battle-of-Jerez -
1275
Battle of Ecija
It was a battle of the Spanish Reconquista, it challenged the Muslim troops of the Nasrid Emirate of Granada and its Moroccan allies against those of the Kingdom of Castile and resulted in a victory for the Emirate of Granada.
https://dbpedia.org/page/Battle_of_%C3%89cija_(1275) -
1357
Nicolas Eymerich
He was theologian and inquisitor born in Gerona, Spain, and he was a prominent figure in the Dominican Order. He was a grand inquisitor of Aragon and compiled his Directorium Inquisitorium as a guide for inquisitors. -
1391
Massacres of Jews across Spain
It was one of the Middle Ages' largest attacks on jews; over 50,000 victims. Thousands of jews were murdered and the ones that survived had to either convert and get baptized or die. -
1478
Pope Sixtus IV authorizes the Spanish Inquisition at the request of Ferdinand and Isabella, the "Catholic Monarchs" of Spain
The Spanish Inquisition was founded by Ferdinand and Isabella to maintain Catholic orthodoxy. Spanish monarchs start the Inquisition. Spanish Jews are forced to commit or leave the peninsula.
https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Spanish_Inquisition -
1481
First auto de fe in Sevilla
It was the first recorded Spanish auto de fe; 12 conversos were burned alive for allegedly practicing Judaism.
https://jewinthepew.org/2015/02/12/12-february-auto-da-fe-in-seville1481-and-toledo-1486-onthisday-otdimjh/ -
1483
Battle of Axarquia
It was fights between a Spanish force led by Marquis of Cadiz who were on their way to attack Malaga and a strong Moorish force under Abul Hasan who was the former King of Granada.
https://time.graphics/event/1791790#:~:text=Description%3A,the%20former%20King%20of%20Granada. -
1491
Treaty of Granada
The Treaty of Granada was signed and approved on November 25, 1491. It ended the Granada War and it guaranteed a set of rights to the moors, religious tolerance and fair treatment in return for their surrender and capitulation.
https://dbpedia.org/page/Treaty_of_Granada_(1491) -
1492
Decree of Alhambra
In 1492, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella issued the Alhambra Decree, ordering the expulsion of all Jews from their kingdoms. In a matter of months, Spanish Jews were forced to renounce their faith or leave their thousand-year homeland behind.
https://mjhnyc.org/blog/1492-letter-regarding-jewish-property-in-spain/#:~:text=In%201492%2C%20King%20Ferdinand%20and,their%20thousand%2Dyear%20homeland%20behind. -
1517
Martin Luther nails his "Ninety-Five Theses" on the door of Castle Church in Wittenberg; Reformation begins
On October 31, 1517, Martin Luther posted his Ninety-five Theses against papal indulgences, or the atonement of sins through monetary payment, on the door of the church at Wittenberg, Germany.
https://www.loc.gov/rr/european/luther.html -
1542
The Roman Inquisition
Pope Paul III established the Roman Inquisition in 1542, it was a new institution related to the Medieval Inquisition but more focused on orthodoxy. The activities of the Roman Inquisition were modest and restricted to Italy. Pope Paul IV urged a vigorous pursuit of "suspects" and created the first Index of Forbidden Books(1559). http://galileo.rice.edu/lib/student_work/trial96/loftis/overview.html