Inventions

Microscope

Mar 6, 1600

Robert Hooke coined the term cells and Anton Van Leeuwenhoek observed the first microorganism because of the invention of the icroscope.

Pea Plants

Mar 6, 1850

Gregor MEndel was an australian monk who worked with pea plants. Discovered the simple laws of inheritnce of traits allowing to predict outcome of crosses.

Wine/Berrk Making

Mar 6, 1857

Louis Pasture describes basics of frementation wine making and beer brewing.

Nuclier Acid

Mar 6, 1869

Johann Miescher found nucleur acid in white blood cells from pus in bandages.

Fruit Flies

Mar 7, 1910

THomas Hunt Morgan discovered that genes were on chromosomes.

Mice

Mar 7, 1928

Fred Griffith used mice to prove that genetic material could be moved from the strain of bacteria to another.

Penicillin

Mar 7, 1928

Alexander Fleming isolated penicillin from a fungus. MAny developed biotechnology drugs.

Chargaff

Mar 7, 1935

Showed DNA number of units of adenine equaled those of thymine and the number of units of clyosine equaled those of guanine.

Hereditary Material

Mar 7, 1941

Beadle and Tatum proposed the One gene produces one enzyme hypothosis. DNA was the hereditary material that was transfered.

Hershey

Mar 7, 1953

Hershey and Chace proved viruses replicated that DNA was indeed a heredity material.

Rosaline Franklin

Mar 7, 1953

Maurice Wilkings establiched through x-ray crystallography that DNA was indeed a double stranded helix.

DNA Structure

Mar 10, 1953

Watson and Crick discvoered structure of DNA

Plasmid DNA

Mar 10, 1953

Hayes discovered plasmid DNA found in bacteria

Messenger RNA

Mar 10, 1961

Walter Gilbert discovered mechanism of gene expression through his study of RNA

Bacterial Restriction

Mar 10, 1962

Arber, NAthans, and Smith discovered bacterial restriction enzymes that cut DNA

64 Codons

Mar 10, 1966

Khorana and Niernberg discovered the 64 codons the triple code of base 3 in DNA

Isolated Plasmids

Mar 10, 1967

DNA plasmids were isolated and purified by Vinograd

Madel and Higa

Mar 10, 1970

WEre responsible for the first transformation of the bacterium Escherichia Coli

Cloning

Mar 10, 1971

Experiments were conducted by Boyer and Cohen

Genetic ENgineering

Mar 10, 1973

Worlds first genetic engineering company was founded.,

140 Scientists

Mar 10, 1976

MEt to draw up guidelines for work with recominant DNA in Microorganisms

DNA Sequence

Mar 11, 1977

Given and unknown piece of DNA they were able to read the correct order of bases of adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine,

Boyer

Mar 10, 1978

Inserted a synthetic insulin gene into E Coli

DNA Patterns

Mar 10, 1978

Botstein found that onne could be identifies by the pattern made of ones DNA through the digest by different enzymes

Vitro Fertilization

Mar 10, 1978

The first baby was born joining spem and egg in a petri dish

Altered Life Forms

Mar 10, 1980

Supreme Court ruled that genetically altered life forms can be patented

Ohio University

Mar 10, 1980

Scientists made the first transgenic animals

Eli Lilly Company

Mar 10, 1982

Placed a human insulin gene inside bacteria

Polymerase

Mar 11, 1983

Chain reaction to amplify in the DNA factory

Crime Cases

Mar 11, 1985

Applied RFLP in DNA profiling to the study of criminal cases.

Fluorescence

Mar 11, 1985

Sequencer was invented, speeding up the labor intense process

Gene Gun

Mar 11, 1985

Genes were moved into and organism through the use of a gene gun

Plant Transformation

Mar 11, 1993

Tranformed plants with Argobacterium-medicated gene transfer.

NIH

Mar 11, 1994

Revised saftey guidelines for recombinant DNA to include plants grown in green houses and animals raised in barns.

RNA Interference

Mar 11, 1996

Discovered RNA interference silencing of genes in the worm C elegans

MAb

Mar 11, 1997

Monoclonal antibody technology by Kohler, Milstein, and Jerene

YAC's

Mar 11, 1997

Washington university invested yeast artificial chromosomes

Clonded Dolly

Mar 11, 1997

Cloned Dolly the sheep from and adults cell of a ewe at the Roslin Institute in Scotland

DNA Microarray

Mar 11, 1997

Technology looking at the expression of all genes of an organism at one time on a microscope slide or silicon chip was developed

Automated DNA

Mar 11, 1999

Sequencer that had capability of a sequencing 76,800 base pairs per hour 5 to 30 times faster than existing sequencers. Technology like this greatly sped up the human genome project.

RiboSwitch

Mar 11, 2002

Part of an mRNA molecule that ccan regulate its own activity and therefore gene expression

Human Genome PRoject

Mar 11, 2003

Provided the ability to find genes and gave raise to the sequence of other genomes