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Early Definitions
Beginning in the 1950's, and during the 1960's-1970's, leaders in the field of education starting discussing instructional technology as being a process. In 1964 Lumsdaine indicated that educational technology could be thought of as the application of science to instructional practices (Reiser & Dempsey 2018). -
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Technology
In 1950 computer assisted instruction was being done by researchers at IBM.
1980 personal computers became available to the open public and started to be used for instructional purposes. -
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Silverton GST model
In 1965, Silverton presented an early general systems theory (GST). This systems theory was to accomplish learning tasks and solve instructional problems. -
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Psychology in Instructional Design Models
Instructional Design models up to this point were based in behaviorism. Cognitive psychologists, such as Gange', started to make contributions to theories of instructional design. -
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Establishing the Commission on Instructional Technology
The Commission was established and funded by the U.S. government to examine the potential benefits and problems associated with increased use of instructional technology in schools. -
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Instructional Design Models
Since the 1970's several different ID models have been developed.
1972 Gerlach & Ely Model
1977 Kemp Model
1979 ARCS Model
1996 Systems Approach Model ( Branch)
1999 Smith & Ragen Model
2005 Dick, Carey & Carey Model -
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ADDIE
All ID Models contain core elements of ADDIE. ADDIE is an acronym for analysis, design, develop, and evaluate (Reiser & Dempsey, 2018). -
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Current technology and innovations
Instructional media and the design of instructional solutions is having an overlapping effect. Lesson learned from the history of instructional media and design is shaping the future in the field. With increasing growth in companies and information, this allows for broader use of instructional design and technology.