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Spinning Jenny
The Spinning Jenny was a spinning machine invented by James Hargreaves in 1770. The Spinning Jenny was a machine designed to spin cotton threads more efficiently than by hand. Thanks to the invention of the Spinning Jenny, cotton spinning became revolutionized and a worker could spin up to 8 cotton threads at once. -
Utilitarianism
The concept of utilitarianism was developed by Jeremy Bentham ins 1781. Modern utilitarianism is an ethical theory that states that actions are morally right if they provide happiness and actions are morally wrong if they promote unhappiness. Though earlier writers proposed ideas similar to utilitarianism before Bentham, he is largely credited for developing utilitarianism. -
Cotton Gin
The cotton gin was invented by Eli Whitney and revolutionized cotton production by decreasing the time spent removing seeds from cotton fiber. Due to the cotton gin and it's profitability, demand for cotton increased, Due to this, demand for land and enslaved labor greatly increased. -
Interchangeable Parts
The concept of interchangeable parts was developed by Eli Whitney in 1798. Whitney used the concept while producing muskets and firearms. Interchangeable parts built the foundation for machines taking over most of the manufacturing work for men. -
Charles Darwin
Charles Darwin was an English naturalist and biologist most known for his contributions in evolutionary science and his theory of evolution. Charles Darwin is also credited with his theory of natural selection. His studies are widely accepted and considered a fundamental building block in science. -
Karl Marx
Karl Marx was a German philosopher who worked in political philosophy. He was an advocate for communism and he cowrote The Communist Manifesto and he wrote Das Kapital. Marx believed that workers would have to form a socialist society where property is socially controlled to avoid exploitation from capitalism -
Alfred Nobel
Alfred Nobel was a Swedish chemist, engineer, and inventor. He is most known for contributing his fortune to establish the Nobel Prize. Alfred Nobel is also known for his involvement in explosives. -
Socialism
The idea of socialism was founded by Karl Manx through his communist manifesto. Socialism is an economic system in which production is carried out mainly to use-value rather than generating profit. Manx described socialism by saying "The same amount of labor which he has given to society in one form, he receives back in another. -
Thomas Edison
Thomas Edison is most known for the numerous important inventions he created throughout his life. He invented the light bulb, phonograph, and the motion picture camera. Edison also established the world's first industrial research lab. -
Communism
Communism was proposed and popularized by Karl Manx through his pamphlet The Communist Manifesto. In communism, all property is publicly owned and everyone is paid according to their abilities and needs. The debate of communism has led to numerous conflicts throughout the world. -
Germ Theory
Louis Pasteur is credited with developing modern germ theory in France in the 1860's. He proposed that food became contaminated by invisible bacteria and that bacteria caused illness and disease. He proposed the idea of pasteurization, a process of heating food to kill bacteria, which we still use today. -
Social Darwinism
The concept of Social Darwinism was proposed by scientist Herbert Spencer. Social Darwinism is the theory that like plants and animals going through natural selection, different individuals, groups, and peoples are subjected to the same law of natural selection. The theory of Social Darwinism was used to justify conservatism, imperialism, and racism and is largely discredited. -
Gulglielmo Marconi
Gulglielmo Marconi was an Italian inventor most known for his invention of a successful wireless telegraph. In 1909, he received the Nobel Prize for Physics. Marconi also developed the first apparatus for long distance radio communication. -
Automobile
The automobile was first invented by Karl Benz in Germany. Benz's patented automobile was the first true automobile to run on a gas engine. Benz's automobile is regarded as the first practical self-propelled automobile. -
Social Gospel
The idea of social gospel is credited to Charles Sheldon in 1897 in Kansas. Social gospel is a Christian social reform movement prominent in the United States from 1870-1920. The result was more Christians being brought into social reform believing that Christianity is the basis for social reform.