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Jethro Tull
Jethro Tull was one of the first scientific farmers. He created the seed drill in 1701, after he saw how the regular way of sowing seeds did not work. The seed drill allowed farmers to sow seeds in appropriately spaced rows at specific depths, -
Invention of the flying shuttle
John Kay created a shuttle that stood on four wheels and sped back and forth. It was a boat shaped piece of wood that had a piece of yarn attached to it, and it doubled the amount of work that a weaver could do in one day. The invention of the spinning jenny branched off of this. -
Invention of the spinning jenny
James Hargreaves created the spinning jenny (after his daughter), to allow spinners to keep up with the weavers. The spinning jenny allowed spinners to spin up to 8 threads at one time. -
James Watt
James Watt was a mathematical instrument maker who worked at the University of Glasgow, in Scotland. Watt figiured out a way to make the new steam engine work faster and more efficiently, by using less fuel. -
Invention of the water gate
Richard Arkwright invented this water frame in 1769. It used power from water from rapid streams to drive spinning wheels. This machine was then used to help make the invention of the spinning mule. -
Matthew Boulton
Matthew Boulton was an entrepreneur. In 1774, James Watt joined with Boulton to build better engines, like the steam engine,. -
Capitalism
After the book, The Wealth of Nations, was written in 1776, capitalism was created. The book wss written by Adam Smith, but capitalism was created by Thomas Malthus and David Ricardo. Capitalism is an economic system in which money is invested in business ventures, with the goal of making a profit. -
Socialism
Socialism was created by Charles Fourier and Saint-Simon. Socialism is an economic system in which the factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare for all. -
Utilitarianism
Jeremey Bentham created the philosophy of utilitarianism. The idea of this was that the government should try to promote the greatest good for the greatest number of people. -
Invention of the cotton gin
Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin to remove seeds from the cotton. Since doing this by hand was very difficult, he invented this so people could work more efficiently. After this invention was made, the amount of cotton that was cleaned went from 1.5 million pounds in 1790, to 85 million pounds in 1810. -
Invention of the telegraph
The telegraph was invented by Claude Chappe in 1794. This telegraph, was is not very outdated, transmitted electric signals through wires from location to location and was translated into a message. -
William Cockerill
In 1799, William went to Belgium, wiith secet plans for building spinning machinery. With these plans, Belgium began to industrialize. -
John McAdam
In the early 1800's, John McAdam improved British roads. He did this by creating road beds with a layer of large stones for drainage. Then on the top, he put a smoothed layer of crushed rock. His roads were named the "macadam" roads. He made this possible because he worked as an engineer at this time. -
Invention of the railroad
In 1804, Richard Trevitthick won a bet by hauling ten tons of iron over ten miles of track in a steam driven locomotive. This was known as the railroad. After this was made, George Stephenson worked to make an even bigger and better model, and in 1825, his 27 mile long railroad opened. -
Francis Cabot Lowell
Francis Lowell, and four other investors began to revolutionize the Amerian textile industry. They made the manufacture of cloth more easy and more possible. They even opened up a weaving factory in Waltham, Massachusetts, which earned enough money to create an even larger operation in another part of Massachusetts. -
The abolition of slavery
Britain abolished slavery! They were the first country in the world to do this. -
The Ten Hours Act of 1847
The Ten Hours Act of 1847 limited the workday to ten hours, and no more than that, to women and children who worked in factories. -
Communism
Communism was created by Karl Marx, after he wrote the book Communist Manifesto. Communism is a form of complete socialism in which the means of production (land, mines, factories, railroads, and businesses), are owned by the people. There is no private property, and everyone is viewed equally. -
The United States
In the last two thirds of the 1800's, the U,S finally started to become industrialized! There were a number of causees for this, they are: the wealth of natural resources, a large number of inventions, and a growing population that consumed the newly manufactured goods. -
The affect of women
Women began forming unions in the mid 180f0's. But, in 1888, women activists around the world joined the International Council for Women.
