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Slavery in U.S.A.
Slavery in America existed from the 17th century to the 19th century. It is thought to have started when a Dutch ship carrying African slaves docked in Virginia. The rapid expansion of the cotten industry caused a higher need for slaves, as the were free labor. In 1806, international slave trade was prohibited, but internal trade continued, until slavery was outlawed in 1855 via the Thirteenth amendment. -
Seed Drill
THe First seed drill was perfected by Jethro Tull, an English agricultural pioneer. Instead of hand-sowing seeds, which was wastful and uneven, the horse-drawn seed frill sowed seeds in multible, neat rows at the correct depth and spacing and then buried them. The seed drill helped stabilise food supplies for the Industrial Revolution. -
Commercial Steam Engine
Steam engnes work by redirecting steam and using it as the machines working fluid. The first steam engine was patented by Jerónimo de Ayanz y Beaumont in 1606. The design was improved by Thomas Savery in 1679 the nthe first commercial true steam engine that used a piston was created by Thomas Newcomen and used in 1712 for pumping in mines. -
Flying Shuttle
A development part of the INdustrialization of weaving which allowed a single weaver to weave wider fabrics and could be mechanized, creating the possibility for automatic machine looms. The Flying Shuttle was patented by John Kay. -
Industrial revolution
A transition to new manufacturing processes, like: going from hand to machine production; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; improved effienciy of water power and the increased use of steam and machine tools. This period began in Britian and then spread to Western Europe and America. -
Cotton Gin
A machine that quickly sperates cotton fibres from the seeds, with greater productivity than manual cotton speration. It was invented by Eli Whitney, who patented his invention in 1764. The cotton gin revolutionised the industry in the U.S.A. but the nled to the rapid growth of slavery, as the demand for workers for cotton fields increased. -
Spinning Jenny
A multi-spindle spinning frame, invented by James Hargreaves in England. The Spinning Jenny greatly decreaced the amount of work needed to produce yarn, with it able to work eight or more spools at once. Later, this number was increaced to 120. -
Captain Cooks discovery of the Terra Nullius.
Captain James Cook landed in Botany Bay, saw it was uninhabited land, and claimed possession of the East Coast of Australia under the bases of 'Terra Nullius' meaning 'Land belonging to no-one'. -
Declaration of American independence
A statement adopted by the Continental Congress annoncing that the 13 American colonies where now independant states (no longer part of the British Empire). They formed a union which would become the United States of America. -
Power Loom
A mechaised loom powered by a line shaft. The first power loom was designed by Edmund Cartwright in 1784 and built in 1785. Over the next 47 years, the loom was refined until Kenworthy and Bullough made the operation fully automatic. This invention was known as the Lancashire Loom. -
Arrival of First Fleet in Botany Bay, AUS
The First Fleet arrived in Australia, consisting of 11 Ships. They left 1787 with more than 1480 people aboard. First discovered by Lietenant James Cook in 1770, Botany Bay was the recomended as the best site for settlement but Captain Phillip discovered in 1788 of its' lack of anchorage and reliable source of fresh water, so the settlement site was moved to Sydney Cove. -
Settlement of Sydney Cove
Sydney cove was the site chosen by Captain Arthur Phillip for the British settlement. It is now the city of Sydney. It is also the place where possessin of New South Wales was formely declared on the 26 Jan, now Australia Day. -
Interchaneable parts-Eli Whitney
Parts that are identical, they are made so that each part will fit into any assemble of the same tybe. In the U.S.A., Eli Whitney saw the potential of developing interchangeable parts for firearms of the military. In July 1801, he built ten guns, all containing enterchangeable parts, and disassembled them in front of the United States Congress. He placed the parts in a pile and then, with some helpm reassembled the weapons in front of the Congress. -
Luddites revolution
A group of 19th-century Engilsh textile craftsmen who protested against the newly developed labour-saving machinery, from 1811 to 1817. The machines invented and introduced during th Industrial Revolution threatened to replace highly-skilled craftsmen with less-skilled, lower-wage labourers, thus leaving them without work. The origin of the name Luddite is unknown, but is thought to have been named after Ned Ludd, a youth who aparrently smashed two stocking frames in 1779. -
Great potato famine- Ireland
A period of mass starvation and disease referred to of the Irish Potato Famine because most of the Irish population was solely relient on pototas. During the Famine, about 1 million people died and another million emigrated from Ireland -
Federation of Australia
The name given when the six separate British self-governing colonies of Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia and Western Australia became one nation. They kept the same government systems os they origianaly had but agreed to have a federal government that was responsible for matters concerning the entire nation.When the Constitution of Australia was created, on 1Jan 1901, the seperate colonies became states of the Commonwealth of Australia.
