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1260
Marco Polo leaves Venice
Marco Polo left Venice to travel to the Black Sea, moving to Central Asia and joined a diplomatic mission to the court of Kublai Khan, the Mongol ruler of China. -
1271
Marco Polo Starts Traveling
In 1271 Marco Polo leaves Europe to explore other parts of Asia expanded known trade routes by sea. -
1292
Marco Polo in India
Polos offered to accompany a Mongol princess who was to become the consort of Arghun Khan in Persia. The party sailed from a southern Chinese port via Sumatra, Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), southern India, and the Persian Gulf. -
May 29, 1453
Fall of Constantinople
The Byzantine Empire stood as a bastion of Christian Europe facing Muslim Asia. However, when the Byzantine Empire came to an end with the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks, the Europeans lost their fortification and ended their Middle Ages. -
May 20, 1498
Da Gama reached India by sea
Vasco da Gama sailed from Lisbon in 1497 on a mission to find a Sea Route from Europe to the east (India) -
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East India Company
Was one of the 1st joint-stock companies. Received a royal charter under Queen Elizabeth I. Under the royal charter, it gave the company a 21 year monopoly on all trade in India. Although it began as a trading company, it eventually became a political power. Lastly, it ended with the British realizing that Anglicization was a mistake through the devastating losses in Sepoy Mutiny. -
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7 Years War
Also known as the French and Indian War, the 7 Years War began in 1754 and ended with the Treaty of Paris in 1763. It provided Great Britain enormous territorial gains in North America. -
The Battle of Plassey
The Battle involved the decisive victory of the B.E.I.C. over the Nawab of Bengal. The victory secured their control in Bengal, which eventually expanded to cover most of India. -
Battle of Plassey
The Battle of Plassey was a decisive victory of the British East India Company over the Nawab of Bengal and his French allies. The battle was preceded by an attack on British-controlled Calcutta by Nawab Siraj-ud-Daulah and the Black Hole massacre. -
Regulating Act of 1773
Was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain intended to overhaul the management of the East India Company's rule in India. -
Pitt's India Act
The act of the Parliament of Great Britain intended to address the faults of the Regulating Act of 1773 by bringing the East India Company's rule in India under the control of the British Government. -
English becomes the official language of higher ed. in India
1835 english became the official language of the higher education in India -
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Opium Wars
Refers to the two armed conflicts in China between the British Empire and the Qing dynasty. In both wars, the British Empire overwhelmed the Chinese forces. As a result of the British's victories, China conceded both territorial and sovereignty rights, which ultimately led to the toppling of the Qing dynasty. -
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Sepoy Mutiny
Widespread but unsuccessful rebellion against British rule in India in 1857-58. Beginning in Meerut then spread to Delhi, Agra, Kanpur and Lucknow. Resulted in atrocities, such as "Wells of Cawnpore" and "Black Hole of Calcutta", where the British and Indians displayed equal acts of brutality against one another. -
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British Raj
The ruling by the British Crown in the Indian subcontinent between 1858 and 1947. -
Government of India Act of 1858
Called for the liquidation of British East India Company and passed its responsibilities and duties to the British Crown. -
Gandhi is born
He was born in Porbandar, India. -
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Anglo-Zulu War
Fought between the British Empire and the Zulu Kingdom. Which ended with a British Victory in South Africa and the British annexation of the Zulu Kingdom. -
Indian National Congress forms
Established as the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa. For the first twenty years, it initially focused on other political issues within the empire. Eventually, it turned its focus to substantial political reform by demanding full independence from Britain. -
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Muslim League
The goals of the league were to protect the interests, liberties, and rights of the Muslim people. Discouraged violence between Indian and Muslims, for it was essential for them to come together in order to overthrow the British rule. This resulted in the The Lucknow Pact of 1916, which defined how India would be governed after gaining its independence. -
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World War One
With the commencing of WWI, India joined into war, expecting to be rewarded with independence. Under British rule, one million Indian troops were sent out overseas. Fought against the central powers in East Africa, Mesopotamia, and along the western front. Unfortunately, India suffered over 70,000 casualties and didn't receive their reward. -
The Amritsar Massacre
Under the command of Colonel Reginald Dyer, British soldiers fired into a crowd of Indians participating in a peaceful protest. Eventually, the firing subsided due to the fact that they ran out of ammunition. As a result, casualties consisted of men and both women and children.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7crafBsEf3g -
Malabar Rebellion
An armed uprising against British authority in Malabar (southern India). By the end of the rebellion the people who fought were suppressed by the British -
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Salt March
Also known as Dandi March, was nonviolent civil disobedience led by Gandhi in India after it was outlawed for India to make their own salt. They went walked to produce salt from the seawater in the village of Dandi.
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Conflict in Kashmir
India goes to war with Pakistan over the control of Kashmir. The UN negotiates a line of control and a ceasefire but no peace was reached. In the end, both countries claimed all of Kashmir, and China was also able to gain land. -
Hindus Great Migration
After Pakistan gained independence from British India 4.7 million of West Pakistan's Hindus moved to India as refugees. Which happened since the majority of Pakistan contained Muslim which India was a Hindu majority. While neither wanted to be under the rein of the other. -
Partition of India
Aug. 14, 1947, and Aug. 15, 1947, the states of the Dominion of Pakistan and the Union of India and India finally gained independence from Britain after 350 years. -
India Gains Independence
After 350 years of British presence, India gained its independence a year prior to Gandhi's death. The British wanted to leave India to "capable hands". -
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Indo-Pakistani War of 1947-1948
Also known as the First Kashmir War, fought between India and Pakistan over the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Started following the attainment of India on October 261947. -
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Middle Class lawyer educated in Britain. First supported Hindu-Muslim Unity ⇒ called the ”Ambassador of Hindu-Muslim Unity”. Proposed Lucknow pact. Began to support the idea for an independent Muslim homeland, Pakistan of “land of the pure” -
Gandhi is assassinated
Gandhi is shot and killed by a Hindu, for he felt Gandhi was responsible for the partitioning of India. -
Death of Jawaharlal Nehru
He was the first Prime Minister of India and a freedom fighter. He was a central figure in Indian politics both before and after India's independence. -
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Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
The military confrontation between India and Pakistan that occurred during the liberation in East Pakistan.
