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Political crisis of New Spain in 1808-1810
The situation in the metropolis was an unprecedented situation that put into discussion who was the sovereignty of the territories under Spanish rule. The state of exception originated by the abdication of Fernando VII and the French occupation divided into two parties the elite of New Spain. -
Start of the war (1810-1811)
The beginning phase of the War of Independence of Mexico corresponds to the popular uprising led by Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla. Discovered by the Spaniards, the conspirators of Querétaro had no alternative but to go to arms at an early date than originally planned. -
Second stage: Organization (1811-1815)
The so-called stage of organization of the independence war of Mexico includes the warlike and political events that took place between the time when Ignacio López Rayón was appointed head of the insurgent forces in Saltillo on March 16, 1811 - just before Hidalgo, Allende, Aldama, Jiménez and other insurgent chiefs were imprisoned and executed in northern Mexico - and before the execution of José María Morelos y Pavón in Ecatepec on December 22, 1815. -
Third stage: Resistance, guerrilla war (1815-1820)
After the death of Morelos, the insurgent groups fought in isolation; approximately twenty thousand rebels continued to fight.243 The most disciplined forces of the insurgents were distributed as follows: Manuel Mier y Terán in Tehuacán, Guadalupe Victoria in Puente de Rey, José Francisco Osorno in Zacatlán and the plains of Apan, each of them had two thousand men; brothers Ignacio and Ramón López Rayón operated with seven hundred men on the hill of Cóporo; in the south Nicolás Bravo. -
Fourth stage: Consummation (1820-1821)
It is estimated that more than a million people had died in New Spain after more than ten years of struggle. That is, a sixth of the population of New Spain had been annihilated during the war. The expenses of war, on the other hand, both in Spain and in America, led the kingdom to bankruptcy. -
Reactions of Spain.
En las Cortes de Madrid se determinó que los diputados suplentes de América ya no podrían participar en las nuevas sesiones, pues estos habían sido elegidos solamente para un período. Por tanto, los legisladores como Miguel Ramos Arizpe y Mariano Michelena fueron excluidos. -
Mexico emerges to independent life.
Since the appointment of the members of the Provisional Governing Board it was symptomatic that none of the former insurgent leaders were found. The election of deputies for the Constituent Congress was called. This was by estates, which prevented an equitable representation of the provinces. However, a heterogeneous group was formed.
