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National Association for Retarded Children (NARC)
This association was founded by parents whose children had specific disabilities which, in turn, led to the vision of each child receiving a proper education depending on their needs. Also known as, public law 94-142. This Act would later change its name to The Arc (Osgood, 2008). -
Brown vs Board of Education Topeka
A Supreme Court case that ruled against racial segregation among students in public schools. This was also a pivotal moment for special education because of the establishment of a "separate-but-equal" education (Osgood, 2008). -
Government Involvement Increases
President John F. Kennedy bridged the gap between children with disabilities and the government. During his administration, he fought to increase the rights of minority groups (which children with disabilities fell under)(Osgood, 2008). -
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act
Greatest source of government spending on elementary and secondary education. The purpose of this Act was to reiterate the federal government's devotion to provide every child with equal and quality education (www.nasponline.org). -
PARC v. Pennsylvania and Mills v. D.C. Board of Education
These high-profile supreme court cases positively influenced the development of civil rights for disabled children in the classroom and other related environments in the most "normalized" settings as possible (Osgood, 2008). -
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act
Equal opportunity for those with disabilities, especially from employers and organizations that receive federal funding (www.nasponline.org). -
Family and Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA)
This federal law provides protection of a student's private records. While the parent can request their child's records, once the child turns 18, records are turned over to them when continuing in their education (www.nasponline.org). -
The Education for All Handicapped Children Act (P.L. 94-142).
This Act led the way in integrating children who have a disability into classroom settings as well as society (www.nasponline.org). -
The Education for All Handicapped Children Act (P.L. 94-142) Amendments
This Act was amended at this time to extend special education services to children who are two years of age (www.nasponline.org). -
P.L. 94-142 becomes Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
This Act guarantees that all children, no matter their disability, receive a free appropriate public education (FAPE) (www.nasponline.org). -
Americans with Disabilities Act
President George H.W. Bush introduced the ADA. Under this Act, person's with disabilities are given the same opportunities as those without disabilities to receive work, make purchases of goods and services, as well as participate in programs and services at the State and local government levels (www.ada.gov). -
The School to Work Opportunities Act
This Act affects students at the high school level. It serves to incorporate work-based learning in their education as they prepare to transition out of the school environment -
IDEA Act Amended
The IDEA Act was updated at this time to be able to better serve/meet the needs of students with disabilities. A large emphasis was on providing all students with access to the same curriculum. -
No Child Left Behind Act
The No Child Left Behind Act is the updated version of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, holding schools accountable for the outcome of its students. Technology assistance and loan programs were added onto this act in order to help schools better assist their special education programs/students. -
IDEA Act Amended (once again)
At this time, Congress made the decision to once again amend the IDEA Act. The reason was to push early intervention for students, as well as raise the bar on the standards in which teachers were instructing in special education settings. Thus, increasing accountability and better educational outcomes for students with disabilities.
