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1492
Leif Erikson
Leif Erikson was a Norse explorer from Iceland. He was the first known European to have set foot on continental North America, before Christopher Columbus. -
1497
Christopher Columbus
Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer, navigator, and colonist who completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean under the auspices of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain. He led the first European expeditions to the Caribbean, Central America, and South America, initiating the permanent European colonization of the Americas. Columbus discovered the viable sailing route to the Americas. -
1497
John Cabot
John Cabot was an Italian navigator and explorer. His 1497 discovery of the coast of North America under the commission of Henry VII of England is the earliest known European exploration of coastal North America -
1500
Fur Trade
In the 1500s the Fur Trade was a worldwide industry were trappers and hunters would bring their furs to trade them for supplies or sell for money. -
Period: 1500 to
Mercantilism
Mercantilism is a national economic policy that is designed to maximize the exports of a nation. Mercantilism was dominant in modernized parts of Europe from the 16th to the 18th centuries. -
1534
Quebec City
Quebec City is capital of the province of Quebec and it is one of the oldest European settlements in North America. In 1608 an official trading post was established. -
1534
The Jesuits
The Society of Jesus is a scholarly religious congregation of the Catholic Church which originated in sixteenth-century Spain. The members are called Jesuits. -
1539
Donnacona
Chief Donnacona was the chief of the village of Stadacona, located at the present site of Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. French explorer Jacques Cartier, concluding his second voyage to what is now Canada, returned to France with Donnacona. Donnacona was treated well in France but he died there. -
Jacques Cartier
Jacques Cartier was a Breton explorer who claimed what is now Canada for France. Jacques Cartier was the first European to describe and map the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the shores of the Saint Lawrence River, which he named "The Country of Canadas". -
Samuel De Champlain
Samuel de Champlain was a French colonist, navigator, cartographer, draftsman, soldier, explorer, geographer, ethnologist, diplomat, and chronicler. He made between 21 and 29 trips across the Atlantic ocean, and founded New France and Quebec City, on July 3, 1608. -
Soverign Council
The Sovereign Council was a governing body in New France. It served as both Supreme Court for the colony of New France, as well as a policy making body, though this latter role diminished over time. -
hudson Bay Company
The Governor and Company of Adventurers of England Trading into Hudson's Bay was incorporated on 2 May 1670, with a royal charter from King Charles II. The charter granted the company a monopoly over the region drained by all rivers and streams flowing into Hudson Bay in northern Canada. -
War of Spanish Succession
The War of the Spanish Succession was a European conflict of the early 18th century, triggered by the death of the childless Charles II of Spain in November 1700. -
Period: to
Louis-Joseph de Montcalm
He was a French soldier best known as the commander of the forces in North America during the Seven Years' War. -
Fortress of Louisbourg
The Fortress of Louisbourg is a National Historic Site of Canada and the location of a one-quarter partial reconstruction of an 18th-century French fortress at Louisbourg on Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia. Its two sieges, especially that of 1758, were turning points in the Anglo-French struggle for what today is Canada. -
Treaty of Utrecht
The Treaty of Utrecht which established the Peace of Utrecht, is a series of individual peace treaties, rather than a single document, signed by the belligerents in the War of the Spanish Succession, in the Dutch city of Utrecht on March and April 1713. -
Period: to
James Wolfe
James Wolfe was a British Army officer, known for his training reforms and was remembered for his victory in 1759 over the French at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham in Quebec as a major general. -
Scurvy
Scurvy is a disease now known to be caused by a vitamin C deficiency, but in Lind's day, the concept of vitamins was unknown. Although Lind was not the first to suggest citrus fruit as a cure for scurvy, he was the first to study their effect by a systematic experiment in 1747. -
Explusion of Acadians
The Expulsion of the Acadians,was the forced removal by the British of the Acadian people from the present day Canadian Maritime provinces of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island parts of an area also known as Acadia. -
Period: to
Seven Year War
It involved every European great power of the time and spanned five continents, affecting Europe, the Americas, West Africa, India, and the Philippines. The conflict split Europe into two coalitions, led by the Kingdom of Great Britain on one side and the Kingdom of France, the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Spain, and the Swedish Empire on the other. -
Battle of the Plains of Abraham
Also known as the Battle of Quebec, this was a major battle in the Seven Years' War. The battle began in September 1759, and was fought on a plateau by the British Army and Navy against the French Army. -
Treaty of Paris
The Treaty of Paris, also known as the Treaty of 1763, was signed on 10 February 1763 by the kingdoms of Great Britain, France and Spain, with Portugal in agreement, after Great Britain's victory over France and Spain during the Seven Years' War. -
Siege of Quebec
The Battle of Quebec was fought on December 31, 1775, between American Continental Army forces and the British defenders of Quebec City early in the American Revolutionary War. The battle was the first major defeat of the war for the Americans, and it came with heavy losses. -
North West Company
After the British takeover of New France, the North West Company was established in Montreal, largely by newly arrived Highland Scots who formed several partnerships that combined to form the North West Company. -
Slavery in New France
The issue of slavery in Canada has long been glossed over by historians and by Canadian society in general. Substantive recognition of this past history of slavery did not begin until the 1960s.
