-
Brown v. Board of Ed
A landmark court case that overturned Plessy v. Ferguson case saying that “Separate is not equal”. This court case brought attention to black v. white’s in school and special need students v. general education students. This case encouraged the formation of many advocacy groups to inform the public of the need for special education programs. -
Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
Sided in favor of students with intellectual and learning disabilities in state-run institutions. PARC v. Penn called for students with disabilities to be placed in publicly funded school settings that met their individual educational needs, based on a proper and thorough evaluation. -
In the Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Colombia
The U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia students classified as “Exceptional”. This includes those with mental and learning disabilities and behavioral issues. This ruling made it unlawful for the D.C. Board of Education to deny these individuals access to publicly funded educational opportunity. -
Section 504
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act allows protection from discrimination of special needs and disabilities. Tis law is considered the first law giving protection to students with special needs. This law includes FAPE and LRE. Students are eligible when they have either a physical or mental disability that inhibits their learning experience. -
Education for All Handicapped Children Act
This act made sure that all students with disabilities are educated in public schools. EAHCA included providing free educations, special education for children 3-21, supplemental services, due process, zero reject, and least restrictive environment. -
Least Restrictive Environment
Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) means that with a student’s IEP, they must also be in as many regular education classes as possible. This ensures that the student has social experiences. In LRE classrooms paras and aids are usually required. -
Board of Ed. Of HHCD V. Rowley
A landmark case that designed the Rowley Two-Part test in determining whether FAPE is being met according to a student IEP. The two-part test consists of questions asking if the school fulfilled the procedures of IDEA and “is the IEP developed through the procedures of the act”. If these two questions are answered correctly, then FAPE and IDEA have been met. -
Handicapped Children’s Protection Act
Signed by Ronald Regan the Handicapped Children’s Protection Act was a law that gave parents of children with disabilities more say in the development of their child’s Individual Education Plan (IEP) -
Americans with Disabilities Act
The Americans with Disabilities Act was signed into law by President George W. Bush. The act promises people with special needs will have the same rights as everybody else. This includes both school and work. This act also stated that people with special needs cannot be discriminated against in schools, the workplace, and everyday society such as public transportation. -
IDEA
The individuals with disabilities Education Act was also signed into law by George W. Bush. This law includes 6 pillars: FAPE, LRE, IEP, evaluation, parent/student participation, and all procedural safeguards for participants. This law also has 4 sections. -
IDEA Reauthorized
The re-authorization of IDEA made many changes to the original. The changes include the IEP, due process, and student discipline.