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History of Special Education
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Impact of Disability on Learning and Development, Spring 2008 Special Education HISTORICAL TIMELINE Special Education American Asylum for the Education and Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb
First special education school in the United States, the American
Asylum for the Education and Instruction of the Deaf and
Dumb (now called the American School for the Deaf), was
established in Hartford. -
Braille Code
Louis Braille publishes the Braille code -
Law Mandating Compulsory Education
Rhode Island passed a law mandating compulsory education for all children. Compulsory education is education which children are required by law to receive and governments to provide. -
Association of Instructors of the Blind
The School for the Deaf and the School for the Blind offer comprehensive educational programs for hearing impaired and visually impaired students -
American Association on Mental Deficiency
The American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD) (formerly the American Association on
Mental Retardation (AAMR) is formed to advocate for
handicapped people's rights. -
Compulsory Education
By 1918 all States have mandated compulsory education. -
Wisconsin Supreme Court, in Beattie v. Board of Education
Schools could exclude a student who had been attending public school until the 5th grade. -
Seeing Eye Dogs
Seeing Eye dogs for the blind are introduced in the United States -
The Bradley Home
The Bradley Home, the first psychiatric hospital for children in the
United States, was established in East Providence, Rhode Island. -
Beginning of the modern Special Education Movement & National Foundation for the Blind & American Federation of the Physically Handicapped
This decade is considered the beginning of the modern Special Education Movement. During World War II, many young soldiers sustained injuries that resulted in lifelong disabilities. The need for
educational and employment opportunities and services for these young men created legislation that would precede Special Education legislation. *National Foundation for the Blind is formed and advocate for white cane laws and input from the blind on a variety of programs. -
Public Law 176: National Employ the Handicapped Week
Public Law 176 created more awareness for possibilities for employment of the "handicapped." -
Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children (PARC) v. Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania Association for
Retarded Children, along with
parents of children with mild to
severe disabilities, sued the state
and won their case to establish a
free and appropriate education
(FAPE) for all children with mental
retardation between the ages the
ages of 6 and 21 in Pennsylvania -
Brown v. Board of Education & Social Security Act Amendment
In this milestone decision the Supreme Court ruled that separating children in public schools on the basis of race unconstitutional. It signaled the end of legalized racial segregation in the schools of
the United States, overruling the "separate but equal" principle set forth in the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson case. -
Social Security Amendment of 1956
Social Security Amendments of 1956 created the Social Security
Disability Insurance (SSDI) program for disabled workers aged 50
to 64. -
Association for Children with Learning Disabilities
Parents first joined forces at a national conference held in Chicago in 1963. There they formed the Association for Children with Learning Disabilities -
Civil Rights Act
Made discrimination based on race, religion, sex, national origin,
and other characteristics illegal. -
Rehabilitation Act
The Rehabilitation Act prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in programs conducted by Federal agencies, in programs receiving Federal financial assistance, in Federal employment, and in the employment practices of Federal contractors. -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act Amendments of 1970
Established a core grant program for local education agencies.
Revised statement of purpose to include adults who had attained age 16 and had not graduated from high school, State allotment base raised to $150,000, Special emphasis given to adult basic
education, Presidential appointed National Advisory Council on Adult Education established, 5 percent administrative cost authorized. -
Mills v. District of Columbia Board of Education
The Mills suit brought on behalf of over 18,000 children in the District, based on the 14th amendment and claimed that children with disabilities were excluded from public education
without due process. -
Public Law 93-112
1973 – Public Law 93-112, the Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1973, is enacted; Section 504 prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities -
Education for All Handicapped Children Act
“Specific Learning Disabilities” was recognized and added as a new
disability category in The Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975. The EAHCA was intended to provide administrators with proof of compliance, teachers with formalized plans, parents with a voice, and students with an appropriate education. Along with assurances of nondiscriminatory evaluation, individualized educational planning, and education in the least restrictive environment. -
oard of Education of Hendrick Hudson Central School District v. Rowley
In the Rowley case the court ruled, "once a court determines
that the requirments of the act have been met, questions of methodology are for the resolution by the state." Parents do not have a right to compel a school district to provide specific programs. The Rowley case is often cited by school districts for the general proposition that the school district or municipality need not provide "optimum" services, and need only provide services which are "appropriate." FAPE -
Education of the Handicapped Act Amendments of 1986 (PL 99-457)
1986 – Education of the Handicapped Act Amendments of 1986 (PL 99-457) is enacted; mandates a special education for pre-schoolers with disabilities and incentives for providing early intervention services to infants and toddlers -
Education for All Handicapped Children Act Amendments of 1990
*EHA named changed to Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA). It
guarantees equal opportunity for individuals with disabilities in
employment, public accommodations, transportation, State and local government services, and telecommunications. *P.L. 101-
336 Americans with Disabilities Act prevents discrimination based on ability -
ndividuals with Disabilities Education Act Amendments 0f 1997
Recent legislation to address students with disabilities amends and reauthorizes IDEA. One change was parent participation. Parents rights to be involved in decision making was significantly expanded. Parents were only guaranteed to be part of the group that developed their child's IEP. However, with IDEA, Congress further strengthened and specified parents' role in their child's IEP. -
No Child Left Behind Act
In 2001, President George Bush established a Commission on Excellence in Special Education to collect information and study issues related to Federal, State, and local special education programs with the goal of recommending policies for improving the education performance of students with disabilities. In 2002, President Bush signed the No Child Left Behind Act.This act reauthorized and amended federal education programs established under the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965. -
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
Signed by President Barack Obama, this campaign promises "funding the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act" and 12.2 billion dollars in additional funds -
IDEA Reauthorized
Students with disabilities are now required to be included on state and district-wide assessments. Regular Education Teachers are to be included on the IEP team.