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American School for the Deaf
Founded on April 15, 1817, the American School for the Deaf (previously known as American Asylum for Deaf and Dumb, Hartford) was founded by Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet, Dr. Mason Cogswell, and Laurent Clerc. The American School for the Deaf was the first special education class in the United States as it was the first school for children that are deaf in America. -
AAIDD
In the year 1876, non-profit organization known as the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities was founded and formed by Édouard Séguin. AAIDD is an organization that focuses on intellectual disability and related developmental disabilities. It is the oldest professional association regarding intellectual and developmental disabilities. -
Brown v. Board of Education
The Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka is a case where four children from four states argued that segregated public schools were unequal as it deprived them of equal protection of the law. This court case was a key moment in the civil rights movement as the supreme court ruled that racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1siiQelPHbQ&ab_channel=BillofRightsInstitute -
ESEA
In 1965; the Elementary and Secondary Education Act was passed by United States Congress and was signed into law by the President Lyndon B. Johnson. The goal of ESEA is to improve educational opportunities for impoverished children, provide equal access to education to all children, and have the inclusion of students with disabilities in the student achievement systems be required. https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/programs/education/elementary-and-secondary-education-act-of-1965/ -
PARC v. Commonwealth
PARC v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania is a case where the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania was sued by PARC (now known as The Arc of Pennsylvania) over a law that allowed public schools to deny free education to children who have reached the age of 8 but have not yet reached the mental age of 5. The court sided with the students with intellectual/learning disabilities and called for students with disabilities to be in publicly funded schools that meet with their educational needs. -
Mills v. Board of Education
Mills v Board of Education of the District of Columbia was a lawsuit filed against the District of Columbia. The results of this lawsuit ruled that children with disabilities/are exceptional must be given public education. It also ruled that denying disable/exceptional children to publicly funded educational services are unlawful. -
Education for All Handicapped Children Act
The EHA was passed by the U.S Congress and signed into law by President Gerald Ford in 1975. This act's purpose was to guarantee free public education to children with a disability in every U.S state. Providing one free meal for children that have physical and mental disabilities a day is required by the EHA. -
Individuals with Disabilities Act
In 1990, a law known as the Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA) was an amendment to the EHA (The Education for All Handicapped Children Act). This caused the EHA to be changed to (IDEA). This law requires children that have disabilities to be given free appropriate education that is suited to their needs. -
IDEA 2004
On 2004, IDEA (the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act) was amended by Congress. Known as IDEA 2004, states are now given federals funds to make special education services available to children with disabilities and providing requirements that ensure a free appropriate public education for disabilities. IDEA 2004 protects the rights of children with disabilities and their parents while also providing an education for a child's special needs. -
Every Student Succeeds Act
On 2015, President signed the ESSA (Every Student Succeeds Act). The ESSA (Elementary and Secondary Education Act) reauthorized ESEA). The ESSA now allows flexibility for states and LEAs (local educational agencies) in federal education fund and places an emphasis on reading. States are now allowed to pick their own goals.