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Brown v. Board of Education
Brown v. Board of Education was a Supreme Court case where black students were denied admittance to certain public schools based on their race due to laws allowing public education to be separate. In 1954, the Supreme Court ruled that racial segregation in schools was unconstitutional, even if resources were equal in quality. This Supreme Court decision prohibit segregation in schools going forward. -
ESEA of 1965
Every Student Succeeds Act (ESEA) of 1965 was a component of President Johnson's War on Poverty. This act was designed for the federal government to provide and protect students from low-income households equal access to the public education system. This act addressed difficulties from children living with disabilities, learning challenges, and poverty. Also, offered a grant program for states to create and improve programs for students with disabilities. -
Vocational Rehabilitation Act
The Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1973 is the federal law that prohibit discrimination of disability in programs directed by federal agencies, federal financial assistance, and federal employment. This act also included a set of rules focused on rights, advocacy, and the protection of disabled individuals. This was the first federal law that addressed civil rights for people with disabilities. -
Education Amendments Act of 1974
Education Amendments Act of 1974 (P.L. 93-380), increased federal spending for education of handicapped children. Provided the first grant of federal funds to states for programming for exceptional learners. This provided students and families the right of due process in special education placement. -
Education for All Handicapped Children Act
Education for All Handicapped Children Act guaranteed a free, appropriate public education and any supplemental services or resources needed. Schools couldn't deny admittance to any students based on their disability. Now students were individualized and schools were making different accommodation for each student based on the disability they have. First defined a least restrictive environment.
Website: https://shieldsfirm.com/what-is-pl-94-142-and-why-is-it-important-in-special-education/ -
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
The Americans with Disabilities Act(ADA), is a civil rights law that prohibit discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public and private places that are open to the general public. This law also made equal employment opportunities and public services, accommodations, transportation, and telecommunications. Also, defined disability to include individuals with AIDS. Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zKyjshcxbI0 -
IDEA
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), was created to make sure all disabled children have access to a free appropriate public education that emphasizes special education and services designed to meet their unique needs. This act ensured that the rights of disabled children and their parents are protected. This act added traumatic brain injury and autism as new disability categories. -
NCLB of 2002
The Child Child Left Behind Act of 2002 held schools accountable for how kids learned and acheived. Before this act school did not focus on the progress of students in poverty, disabilities, minority, limited English language learners, and students of color. NCLB act introduced annual testing and reporting updates of the progression of the students. This act also could penalize schools that did not show improvement - which was controversial. -
IDEIA of 2004
Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA) in 2004 promised that disabled children could go to school and be provided an individualized special education. This law provided states the opportunity to accept federal funding to prepare a free, appropriate public education in the Least Restrictive Environment. Also, provided due process that everyone has a voice. -
ESSA
The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) replaced the No Child Left Behind Act. Under the ESSA, allowed every state creates a plan for its schools within the guideline provided by the federal government. Also, gave parents and guardians the opportunity to weigh in on the plan. ESSA provided schools more opportunities to improve, for schools when the students are not showing academic progress.