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History of special education
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P.A.R.C vs Common Wealth of Pennsylvania
Was the first major legal case to provide educational equality to students with disabilities. A Pennsylvania state law allowed schools to exclude children who had not reached a “mental age of 5 years” by the time of first grade enrollment.
Website:
www.sutori.com/en/story/historical-timeline-of-special-education--nkfydgEiRtYcTtf4HAySN1Fd Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QtFmp3XduaQ -
FERPA
Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act is a federal privacy law that gives parents the right to have access to their child’s educational records and request changes under limited circumstances.
Website:
https://www.sutori.com/en/story/historical-timeline-of-special-education--nkfydgEiRtYcTtf4HAySN1Fd
Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eIOmskTvp08 -
EAHCA
Education for All Handicapped Children Act guaranteed a free appropriate public education to each child with a disability in every state and locality across the country. It was a President Gerald Ford’s response to the Congressional Investigation of 1972 in hopes to make further advances in educating children with disabilities
Website:
https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/osers/idea35/history/index_pg10.html?exp=3
Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G4Xzvafi-Pg -
IDEA Act
The Education for All Handicapped Children of 1975 requires all public schools to admit and educate students with disabilities. IDEA holds educational institutions accountable and helps create opportunities for students with federally identified disabilities in their transition to post-secondary education.
Website:
http://www.nationalforum.com/Electronic%20Journal%20Volumes/Bain%20De%20Los%20Santos,%20Stephanie%20A%20Timeline%20oF%20Students%20With%20Disabilities-NFSEJ%20V30%20N1,%202019.pdf -
Espino v. Besteiro
Within a classroom-U.S. District concluded that placement in a "cube" was not the maximum extent appropriate to achieve peer interaction nor was the placement to the maximum extent practicable.
Website:
https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/520/905/1445945/ -
ADA
This act protects and defends people with disabilities from discrimination in the workplace as well as school and other environments. The law requires employers and educational institutions to implement reasonable accommodations for people with disabilities
Website:
http://www.nationalforum.com/Electronic%20Journal%20Volumes/Bain%20De%20Los%20Santos,%20Stephanie%20A%20Timeline%20oF%20Students%20With%20Disabilities-NFSEJ%20V30%20N1,%202019.pdf -
NCLB
No Child Left Behind Act is a re-authorization of ESEA. It’s major focus is closing the student achievement gaps by providing fair, equal, and significant opportunities for all children, including students with disabilities, to obtain a high quality education. Thus, states are required to establish state academic standards and a state testing system that meet federal requirements.
Website:
https://www.k12.wa.us/esea/NCLB.aspx
Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0--2nhsDorg -
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act was signed into law by President Barak Obama. A health care reform law, the ACA prohibits discrimination based on disability or health status in acquiring health insurance
Website:
http://www.nationalforum.com/Electronic%20Journal%20Volumes/Bain%20De%20Los%20Santos,%20Stephanie%20A%20Timeline%20oF%20Students%20With%20Disabilities-NFSEJ%20V30%20N1,%202019.pdf -
Every Student Succeeds Act
ESSA is a new, bipartisan k-12 federal education law It replaces and updates NCLB (2002) by including provisions that will help ensure success for both students and schools. In full effect in the 2017-18 school year, states, instead of the federal government, have more power over their educational accountability plans.
Website:
https://www.edweek.org/policy-politics/the-every-student-succeeds-act-an-essa-overview/2016/03
Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i69cO5Ku_7Y