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Special Education in the USA
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First Disabled School
First school for disabled children. It was called “American Asylum for the Education and Instruction of Dead and Dumb”. The school taught the children Math, Reading, writing, geography, history, and the Bible. It was placed in Hartford, Ct. and a total of seven students were enrolled the first year. The definition of “dumb” in those days was unable to speak. -
First Report of Reading Difficulty
An ophthalmologist named Dr. W.E. Bruner, was the first person to publish a report regarding reading difficulties in children. This was one of the first articles to describe what we now call, dyslexia. It talked about how a child had intelligence and sight but was for some reason unable to read. This started the pathway into learning more about learning disabilities and getting the students the help, they need.
(https://www.coursehero.com/file/10324532/Psych-406-week-7/) -
Brown vs. Board
In the Brown vs. Board of Education, the Supreme Court ruled that having separate schools for Black and White children was unconstitutional. This decision being made helped paved a way for many more changes to happen in the school system. (https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/brown-v-board-of-education-of-topeka) -
Supplemental Security Income
SSI is a program the United States government to give financial aid to people with disabilities. This includes families of children with disabilities to help them with their cost. Under SSI every eligible person is provided a monthly cash payment based on their needs and what is available in the program. (https://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/statcomps/supplement/2012/ssi.html) -
Education of Handicapped Children Act
This act was put in place to ensure that the rights of children in the education system with disabilities were honored, which president Gerald Ford signed into law. It guaranties free appropriate public education. Within this law there is also LRE and FAPE, which also helps to make sure that the rights of children with disabilities are followed. -
Disabilities Rights March
People with disabilities marched from all over the country demanding that section 504 be signed into law. These demonstrations became sit-ins and in San Francisco over a 100 people stayed in the federal building for 26 days. The 504 guaranteed rights to handicapped in education and employment. This caused awareness to the disabilities act and played a large role in the rights children with disabilities have today. (https://www.meriahnichols.com/a-short-history-of-the-disability-rights-movement/) -
Assistive Technology Act
This act helped promote awareness and ensures that students with disabilities have the access to assistive technology (A.T) that can help them in their education, employment, and everyday lives. This also ensures that funding will continue to be provided so that this can continue. (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SIm2MuJUCTE) -
IDEA ACT Revised
In 2015 the IDEA act was revised putting in “Every Student Succeeds Act” (ESSA). ESSA ensures that students with disabilities succeed by providing equal opportunities. (https://www.understood.org/articles/en/every-student-succeeds-act-essa-what-you-need-to-know) -
United Nations General Comment
The United Nations General made a comment, No. 4 CRPF Article 24. This comment articulates the rights to an inclusive education. It defines what inclusion is and other incompatible forms of education inclusion, such as integration and segregation. (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aNQMYEQ1SU8) -
Helping SWD During Covid
Supporting Children with Disabilities during Covid Act is a bill that was passed in 2021 that gave grants to schools and programs to provide appropriate resources to children with disabilities. Funding is very important and without funding the school system would have not been able to help children with disabilities during these times. (https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/240/text)