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Structuralism
Early perspective that emphasized units of consciousness and identification of elements of thoughts using introspection. -
Wilhelm Wundt
In 1879, Wundt founded the first formal laboratory for psychological research at the University of Leipzig. This marked psychology as an independent field of study. -
Sixth Sense
James reported in 1881, "that the semicircular canals of the internal ear have nothing to do with the function of hearing, but are organs of a special sense hitherto unrecognized as such." -
Cocaine
Sigmund Freud conducted self-experiments in which he had swallowed various quantities of the drug, finding it useful in relieving breif episodes of depression and anxiety. -
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Functionalism
Early perpesctive concerned with how an organism ises its perceptual abilities to its environment. -
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Psychoanalytic
Psychoanalytical perspective concerned with how unconscious instincts, conflicts, motives, and defenses influence behavior. -
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Evolutionary
Psyhological perspective concerned with how natural selection favored behaviors that contributed to survival and spread of our ancestors genes. -
Bell Experiment
Ivan Pavlov did an experiment with dogs and sometimes children, that demonstrated the salvitory glands salivating at the sound of a bell. Pavlov would give the dogs or children food when he rang the bell so eventually at the saound, the children or dogs would salivate. This supported the idea of conditioning. -
Skinner-Operant Conditioning
Skinner believed that we do have such a thing as a mind, but that it is simply more productive to study observable behavior rather than internal mental events. Skinner believed that the best way to understand behavior is to look at the causes of an action and its consequences. He called this approach operant conditioning. -
Puzzle Box
Edward Thorndike studied learning in animals using a puzzle box to propose the theory known as the 'Law of Effect'. The cat in the puzzle box learns and responds by trial-and-error. According to the law of effect, responses which are followed by a satisfying state would occur with greater and greater frequency over time. On the other hand, responses which were followed by an annoying state would occur less frequently over time. -
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Behaviorism
The study of observable behavior. -
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Coginitive
Psychological perspective concerned with how we recieve, store, and process info. ; think/reason ; and use language. -
Little Albert
John B. Watson conducted an experiment with a small chiild showing evidence of classical conditioning in humans. This study was also an example of stimulus generalization. Watson felt that following the principles of classical conditioning, he could condition a child to fear another distinctive stimulus which normally would not be feared by a child. -
Jean Piaget
Piaget was the first psychologist to make a systematic study of cognitive development. His contributions include a theory of cognitive child development, detailed observational studies of cognition in children, and a series of simple but ingenious tests to reveal different cognitive abilities. -
Hierarchy of Needs
Maslow used the terms Physiological, Safety, Belongingness and Love, Esteem, and Self-Actualization needs to describe the pattern that human motivations generally move through. -
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Humanistic
Psychological perspective concerned with individual potential for growth and the role of unique perceptions in growth toward one's potential. -
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Biological
Psychological perspective concerned with pusiological and biochemical factors that determine behavior and mental processes. -
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Socio-culture
Psychological perspective concerned with how cultural differences effect behavior. -
Civilizing of Genie
Genie, the Wild Child discovered in 1970, somehow managed to survive for thirteen years even though she was imprisoned in a solitary room by her own father. When she was discovered there was a controversy on if there was a critical learning period in which a child acquires language.
