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School museums
School museums were created for students to have access to educational artifacts. -
Instructional films
More use of visual media and motion picture -
Instructional radio
Radio broadcasting started to become more interested in instructional purposes and functions. -
Behavioral objectives
Clarification of objectives through static learning helps them to be better processed and remembered; Ralph Tyler -
World War 2
Large and urgent need for instructional audio-visual training techniques. -
Media research
Intensive research programs started; wanted to explore different aspects and uses of audio-visual materials were tied to learning. -
Television
TV was created to display media for entertainment purposes. -
Instructional TV
TV media started to be used with more of an instructional purpose, used in classrooms and other training fields. -
Early computers
Computers were invented and some were used in public schools to help further education. -
Programmed instruction
Ability to program computers and other technological devices in order to have linear processes and correct responses. -
Sputnik
The Soviet Union launched Sputnik which pushed the US government to fund efforts to improve our math and science educational departments. -
Taxonomy of educational objectives
Bloom and his colleagues were able to acknowledge a variety of learning outcomes and claimed that tests were able to measure these outcomes. -
Criterion referenced testing
Intended to measure how well an individual was able to perform a particular behavior. -
Instructional design models
Gagne, Glaser, and Silvern developed models for designing instructional media, using the terms instructional design, system development, systematic instruction, and instructional system. -
Events of instruction
Robert Gagne also reported nine events of instruction that were essential for promoting a learning outcome. -
Conditions of learning
"The Conditions of Learning" by Robert Gagne. Five domains of learning outcomes = verbal information, intellectual skills, psychomotor skills, attitude, and cognitive strategies. -
Formative evaluation
The ideological creation of "drafts" to encourage revision and formality; Michael Scriven -
Summative evaluation
Testing instructional materials after they're in their final form; Michael Sciven -
Cognitive psychology
Instant growth of principals of cognitive psychology and how they could be applied to the instructional design process. -
Constructivism
Collection of similar views of learning and instruction requiring learners to solve complex and realistic problems through partnering, taking multiple perspectives, taking ownership, and becoming aware of the learner's role in the process. -
Internet
Gave access to many different outlets of information in a very timely manner. -
My date of birth
The day I was born.
