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Walter Sutton observed chromosomal movement and discovered that choromosomes occur in pairs and named Mendel's functions genes (with Theodor Boveri).
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Nettie Stevens and Edmund Wilson seperatley discovered differences in female (XX) and male (XY) chromosomes.
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William Bateson coined the word genetics and showed that some genes are linked (with Reginald Punnett).
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Archibald Garrod reported the recessive nature of the condition followed Mendel's principles and called it an inborn error of metabolism.
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Godfrey Hardy and Wilhelm Weinberg established the Hardy-Weinberg theorom and found the results of cross 2 heterozygous. MM 2MN NN
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Thomas Morgan proved that genses are carried on chromosomes. He also started using fruit flies and demonstrated the existance of sex-linked genes.
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Alfred Sturtevant created the first gene map and Estella Elinor Carothers showed the first conclusive evidence that chrosomes are independently assorted.
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RA Fisher, Sewell Wright, and JBS Haldane were pro-eugenics.
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Herman Muller showed that fruit flies mutated more when exposed to x-rays.
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Frederick Griffith discovered the tranformation of bacteria using virulent "S" and non-virulant "R".
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George Beadle and Edward Tatum presented the one gene encodes for one enzyme/protein theory.
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Oswald Avery reasoned that Griffith's transforming factor was inside the bacteria and proved that DNA carries genese and insprired Watson and Crick.
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Oswald Avery, Colin Macleod, and Maclyn McCarty isolate DNA as genetic material.
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Erwin Chargaff determined that there is always a ratio of 1:1 for adenine and thyamine. 3 years later this would determine the structure of DNA.
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Rosalind Franlkin obtains x-ray diffraction images of DNA.
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Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase performed "blender" experiments. They tagged bacteriophages using radioactive isotopes Phosphorous 32 and Sulfur 35.
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James Watson and Francis Crick used all the known clues of DNA's structure to construct a model. The molecule could unzip.
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Stanley Miller and Harold Urey demonstrate the formation of simple organic molecules from molecules thought to be abundant on early Earth.
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Francis Crick and George Gamov worked out the central dogma stating that DNA transcribes into messenger RNA, which translaes into protein. Ammended in '57. mRNA.
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Marshall Nirenberg and Severo Ochoa discovered specific nucleotide sequences in groups of 3 determine 20 amino acids.
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Paul Berg cut sections of viral DNA and bacterial DNA with the same restriction enzyme. DNA was compatible and he spliced them.
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Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer created a plasmid. Cohen's group cloned the first animal gene and placed it in a bacteria.
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Herb Boyer cofounds the first bitech company, Genentech.
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The first practical application of genetic engineering and clone research began.
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Frederick Sanger developed the chain termination method for sequencing DNA.
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The development of automated sequencing technology accelerates genome projects.
