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Origin of the Internet
Long before the technology existed to actually build the Internet, many scientists had already anticipated the existence of worldwide networks of information. Nikola Tesla toyed with the idea of a “world wireless system” in the early 1900s, and visionary thinkers like Paul Otlet and Vannevar Bush conceived of mechanized, searchable storage systems of books and media in the 1930s and 1940s. -
Origin of the Internet
The first practical schematics for the Internet would not arrive until the early 1960s, when MIT’s J.C.R. Licklider popularized the idea of an “Intergalactic Network” of computers. Shortly thereafter, computer scientists developed the concept of “packet switching,” a method for effectively transmitting electronic data that would later become one of the major building blocks of the Internet. -
History of the Internet
Cold War vision (US) – an enemy attack crippling the US government ability to communicate
US Dept of Defense – want a network that could function even if some connections were destroyed -
Period: to
The Origin of the Internet
-1960s – world of computers was a technological Tower of Babel; cannot communicate with others
-Visionary computer scientists – computer’s potential as a communication device -
ARPANET
The packet-switching methodology employed in the ARPANET was based on concepts and designs by Paul Baran, Donald Davies,Leonard Kleinrock, and Lawrence Roberts.The TCP/IP communications protocols were developed for the ARPANET by Robert Kahn and Vint Cerf, and incorporated concepts from the French CYCLADES project directed by Louis Pouzin. -
History of the Internet: ARPNET
ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network), 1969 - first Internet
ARPANET’s design structure:
The network is unreliable and should be able to overcome its unreliability
Equal ability to communicate – all computers in the network (no central authority) -
History of the Internet: ARPNET History
ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network), 1969 - first Internet
ARPANET disbanded in 1990
ARPANET’s technology spawned the Internet. -
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ARPANET
The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) was an early packet-switching network and the first network to implement the TCP/IP protocol suite. Both technologies became the technical foundation of the Internet. The ARPANET was initially founded by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the United States Department of Defense. -
History of W W W
Web Consortium (W3C) – a standards-setting organisation dedicated to helping the Web evolve in positive directions rather than disintegrate into incompatible factions.
Berner-Lee & W3C – ensures that W W W continues to belong to everyone -
History of W W W
Dr. Tim Berners-Lee -- father/inventor of the WWW
Enquire (1980) – a program on a primitive hypertext system that allowed related documents on his computer to be linked with numbers rather than mouse clicks -
History of W W W
Dr. Tim Berner-Lee
Berner-Lee’s Plan
Expand the concept of Enquire to link documents on other computers to his own
Create an open-ended, distributed hypertext system without boundaries, so scientists everywhere could link their work
Berner-Lee’s Accomplishments:
Designed the URL scheme for giving every Internet document a unique address
Developed HTML – language for encoding & displaying hypertext documents on the Web -
The W W W (World Wide Web)
A collection of multimedia documents
created by organisations and users
worldwide.
Documents are linked in a
hypertext Web that allows users to explore
them with simple mouse clicks. -
History of W W W
Created HTTP – the set of rules that allows hypertext documents to be linked across the Internet
Built the first software browser for viewing hypertext documents from remote locations -
History of the Internet: The Emerging Internet
More than 1 billion people have access the Internet
More that 100 million people have used eBay to buy or sell something
More than 50 million people have created blogs
