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Crisis
- Almost all the Spanish colonies were now independent
- A lot of military defeats
- Spain was in bankruptcy
- Very high taxes
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Period: to
The Reign of Charles IV
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The valids of Charles IV
- Floridablanca ( 1788 - 1792 )
- Aranda ( 1792 - 1793 )
- Manuel Godoy ( 1793 - 1808 )
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Manuel Godoy
- Polemic person because he used to take care of the King’s horses
- Supporter of enlightened despotism
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Background of the war
Battle of Trafalgar:
- 40 British boats defeated 60 Spanish and French boats
- Napoleon thought about doing a commercial block to England
- Portugal continued trading with England
- Napoleon asked for permission to Spain to cross Spain with his army to invade Portugal, but his intention was to invade both Portugal and Spain https://youtu.be/YeyTC9vTtLc -
Treaty of Fontainebleau
Secret pact between France and Spain
The main thing of the treaty was to permit the French army to cross Spain, and therefore, the division of Portugal between Spain and France
Then, France conquered Portugal and contrilled de centre and north of Spain https://youtu.be/2456l7eX1Fs -
Aranjuez riot
Popular rebellion lead by the Prince of Asturias ( Fernando VII ) to force Charles IV to abdicate
Napoleon invites the spanish Royal Family to intermediate between their problems https://youtu.be/kaVXmvYI8ho -
Abdications of Bayonne
1- Fernando VII abdicates in favour of Charles IV
2- Charles IV abdicates in favour of Napoleon
3- Napoleon abdicates in favour of his brother Jose Bonaparte -
Spanish people
On the one hand the tratidional Spain: The vast majority, catholic, absolutist ideology, they were peasants… On the other hand, the liberal Spain: The minority, urban bourgeoisie, reformists, contrary to the Old Regime, considered anti-patriots -
Period: to
The Independence War
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The war in the Basque Country
As in the rest of the country, the common people of the three provinces mobilized against the invader.
Certain sectors of the urban bourgeoisie of Bilbao and San Sebastian welcomed the arrival of new ideas that would put an end to the Old Regime.
In Vitoria, an important Napoleonic military base -
Kingdom Courts
The King convene once on a while
They advices the King
The Cortes of Cadiz weren’t convence since 1708 because the King was absolutist -
Juntas
The “Juntas Locales” ( Vitoria for example) decided what should be done.
From “Juntas Locales” they passed to “Juntas Provinciales” ( Alava).
From “Juntas Provinciales” they passed to “Junta Central Suprema” ( Spain ). -
Goya
He was a direct witness of the War of Independence
Goya was not very clerical
Excellent portraitist: He captured the war in his paintings https://youtu.be/mjdDP6LsEzY -
Legislative work of the Cortes of Cadiz
They were constituent cortes: the main objective was to draft a Cosntitution.
In 1812 the First Constitution is drafted.
They legislated based on decrees in order to end the Old Regime in Spain. -
“La Pepa”
“ La Pepa” was also the name of the Constitution because it was published on March 19th 1812, father’s day, and, therefore, the expression of “Viva La Pepa”. https://youtu.be/HlteqTUrgok -
The Holy Inquisition
The Holy Inquisition went for those who were against religion: They turtured them…. https://youtu.be/zmcKS47BsAo -
Main decrees of the First Constitution
The reforms meant a total break with the Old Regime and the establishment of liberalism in Spain.
The confiscation law was enacted.
It was abolished: Censorship of political texts, internal customs, and the Holy Inquisition.