-
Period: to
Reign of Alfonso XII
The beginning of his reign ended the First Republic and gave way to the period known as restoration. -
Sandhurst Manifiesto
Through the political manoeuvring of Antonio Cánovas del Castillo,
the leader of the future Conservative Party, which helped achieve
Queen Isabella II’s abdication in favour of her son Alfonso XII, the
support of the bourgeoisie and the army, anxious for political
stability. On 1 December 1874, Cánovas wrote a manifesto, signed in Sandhurst, where he promised a constitutional government. -
PSOE is founded
The Spanish Socialist Workers’ Party (PSOE)
was founded by Pablo Iglesias in 1879 and was
consolidated by the huge surge in the labour
movement during this period. -
Period: to
Reign of Alfonso XIII
Alfonso XIII acceded to the throne in a political environment
characterised by the crisis of Cánovas del Castillo’s political system,
the influence of regenerationism and the deaths of Cánovas
and Sagasta. -
Period: to
Regency of María Christina
The first period of the minority of Elizabeth II of Spain during which her mother assumes the functions corresponding to the Crown. -
Bases de Manresa
Catalan nationalism demanded official status for
the Catalan language, the establishment of Catalan
political parties and courts, and Catalan autonomy.
In 1892, its proposals were declared in the Bases de
Manresa, written by Prat de la Riba. -
Teatry of Paris
War erupted in the Pacific (the Philippines) and the
Atlantic (Cuba and Puerto Rico). In both conflicts,
Spanish fleets were destroyed by the US. Spain was
forced to sign the 1898 Treaty of Paris, where they
recognised the independence of Cuba, Puerto Rico
and the Philippines. -
Tragic week of 1909
Spanish occupation of its protectorate led to a war with the inhabitants of the Rif; a war that in 1909 required reservists to be called up, the majority of whom were fathers. This set off violent protests in Barcelona, which became known as the Tragic Week of 1909. -
Disaster of Annual
Spain suffered a brutal defeat in the Rif War against
Morocco in what was known as the Disaster at Annual, resulting
in 10 000 deaths and widespread public commotion, negatively
influencing public opinion. -
Period: to
Dicatorship of Primo de Rivera
Political regime that had been in Spain since the coup d'état of the captain general of Catalonia, Miguel Primo de Rivera, who imposed a dictatorship supported by the king, Alfonso XIII. -
Proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic
Alfonso XIII tried to go back to the parliamentary system, first with
the government of General Dámaso Berenguer and later with Admiral Aznar. However, the citizens’ disapproval of the king’s support for the dictatorship led to significant Republican victories in the 1931 municipal elections for several major cities. The king went into exile on 14 April 1931 and the Second Republic was declared. -
Period: to
Second Spanish Republic
DescriptionThe Second Spanish Republic was the democratic regime that existed in Spain between April 14, 1931, the date of its proclamation, replacing the monarchy of Alfonso XIII, and on April 1, 1939, the date of the end of the Civil War, which gave way to the Franco dictatorship. -
October Revolution
The new government halted the majority of the previous reforms,
which led to an increase in strikes and more actions by left-wing
parties. CEDA then demanded positions in the government. This
sparked the October Revolution of 1934, which was most intense in Asturias and Barcelona. -
Tragic Spring
Political violence reached its peak in what was known as the Tragic Spring of 1936, consisting of a wave of attacks and street violence
between staunch falangist, communist and anarchist activists. -
Period: to
Spanish Civil War
War that broke out in Spain after the partial failure of the coup d'éte of July 17 and 18 in 1936. -
Bombing of Gerninika
The war moved to the Cantabrian coast and involved harsh
battles, as reflected by the bombing of Gernika by the German air
force’s Condor Legion on 26 April 1937. -
End of the Civil War
Nationalist zone was controlled by the insurgents who suspended Republican reforms. General Francisco Franco, who had been appointed ‘Generalísimo’ of the army, concentrated civilian and military power and unified all of his supporting forces into one single party, the Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las JONS and concentrated all of their efforts towards winning the war, which they did in the end.
