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Frederick Taylor
He was the first person to have an approach to scientific management with his workers. He developed the idea of advancing into higher areas within a business and the statement of "not all workers are equal." Taylor strongly believed that the system itself was more important than the workers within the system. -
Elton Mayo
Mayo was the first man to question Taylor's scientific management. By using the Hawthorne experiments, he concluded that putting the human factors above the physical conditions motivated the employees to increase productivity. -
Kurt Lewin
Kurt Lewin is known as the "Father of Organizational Development." He studied how people work together and developed the concept of active learning and action research. -
Sociotechnical Systems Theory
This theory came out as a complete diversion from Taylor's scientific management. To continue, the leader of the research team that created the Sociotechnical Systems Theory was Eric Trist, an English scientist. With their research, they created the theory and defined it as the technical and social features in an organization. -
Hierarchy of Needs
The Hierarchy of Needs was the foundation for gaining workers' interest and loyalty. Abraham Maslow wrote about the Hierarchy of Needs in a book called 'Motivation and Personality.' These "needs" consist of psychological needs, safety needs, love and belonging needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. -
Theory X and Y
Douglas McGregor invented the concept of Theory X and Theory Y in management. Theory X follows a more strict, aggressive, and unfair approach to managing employees. Many employees that have a manager that uses Theory X are not motivated to work and will try at all costs to avoid doing tasks. In contrast, Theory Y follows a positive, happy, and rewarding approach to managing workers. Employees under the Theory Y management are much more motivated to work. -
Management Grid
Robert Blake and Jane Mouton created a grid in 1964 to help managers manage their businesses more successfully and efficiently. This is called the Management Grid, which consists of two axes; "concern for people," located on the vertical axis, and "concern for results," located on the horizontal axis. In all, the grid assists managers in keeping track of how well they are leading their organization. -
Performance Technology
Tom Gilbert, the author of 'Human Competence: Engineering Worthy Performance,' was the first man to introduce the importance of performance standards to management. He stated that having performance requirements in job descriptions led to having hard-working employees and successful outcomes for the businesses. This applies to today's world because, in order to get a job, you must show qualification for it. -
Learning Organization
A learning organization is when a group sees itself as a complex system that has a vision and purpose. Peter Senge was the one that made the concept of having a "learning organization" popular in his book 'The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization.' Senge identifies 5 principles that are required for a business to be considered a learning organization. Those principles are system thinking, personal mastery, mental models, shared vision, and team learning. -
Motivation
Daniel Pink familiarized people with the concept of employee motivation in his book, 'Drive: The Surprising Truth About What Motivates Us.' Pink wrote this book aiming to push business managers to use motivation to get their workers to do their tasks well and efficiently. To conclude, Daniel helped to shine a light on the importance of worker motivation.