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Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (Kansas), 1954
Established the right of all children to an equal opportunity to an education -
Diana v. State Board of Education (California), 1970
Declared children cannot be placed in special education on the basis of culturally biased tests or tests given in other than the child’s native language -
Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Citizens (PARC) v. The commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 1972
Class action suit to establish the right to free public education for all retarded children
(RIGHT TO AN EDUCATION) -
Wyatt v. Stickney (Alabama), 1972
The Legacy of WyattDeclared that individuals in state institutions have the right to appropriate treatment, including education, within those institutions. (RIGHT TO TREATMENT) -
Mills v. Board of Education of The District of Columbia, 1972
Mills v. BoE, 1972
Handicapped cannot be excluded from an educational opportunity or denied due process (established the right of every child to an equal opportunity for education)
(RIGHT TO AN EDUCATION) -
P.L. 93-112, SECTION 504, THE REHABILITATION ACT, 1973
All agencies receiving federal funds must:
Not discriminate in employment practices
Provide program accessibility to all handicapped persons
Provide preschool, elementary, and secondary education to all handicapped children
Not discriminate against handicapped students in post-secondary education -
FAMILY EDUCATIONAL RIGHTS AND PRIVACY ACT (BUCKLEY AMENDMENT), 1974
Parents must have the opportunity to inspect, challenge, and correct their children’s records, including assessment information
Agencies must not release identifiable data without the parent’s written consent (confidentiality) -
P.L. 94-142, THE EDUCATION FOR ALL HANDICAPPED CHILDREN ACT, 1975
Zero reject: Schools must educate all children with disabilities. The principle applies regardless of the nature or severity of the disability; no child may be excluded from a public education
Nondiscriminatory evaluation: Schools must use nonbiased, multifactored methods of evaluation to determine whether a child has a disability and, if so, whether special education is needed
Free, appropriate public education: All children with disabilities must be provided an appropriate education at public -
P.L. 99-457, EDUCATION OF THE HANDICAPPED AMENDMENT ACT, 1986
Requires states to provide a free, appropriated public education to children aged 3 through 5 years
Provided incentive grants to states so they can offer interdisciplinary educational services to handicapped infants and toddlers (birth through age 2 years) and their families
Specifies each school district use a multidisciplinary assessment to develop an individualized family service plan (IFSP) for each child -
P.L. 101-476, INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES EDUCATION ACT, 1990
Added autism and traumatic brain injury as two new categories of disabilities
Required all IEPs to include a statement of needed transition services no later than age 16
Expanded the definition of related services to include rehabilitation counseling and social work services -
P.L. 101-336, AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT, 1990
Extends civil rights protection to persons with disabilities in private sector employment, all public services, public accommodation, transportation, and telecommunications.
A person with a disability is defined in the ADA as a person:
With a mental or physical impairment that substantially limits that person in a major life activity (e.g., walking, talking, working, self-care)
With a record of such an impairment (e.g., a person who no longer has heart disease but who is discriminated against b -
P.L. 105-17, REAUTHORIZATION OF THE INDIVIDUAL WITH DISABILITIES EDUCATION ACT, 1997
Use of a variety of assessment tools and strategies to gather relevant functional and developmental information
Assessment to include information provided by the parent
Participation of students with disabilities in statewide or district-level assessment programs -
No Child Left Behind, 2001
Fact Sheet from U.S. Dept of EducationSigned into law by George W. Bush on 8 Jan 2002. -
P.L. 108-446, INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES EDUCATION ACT, 2004
Core Academic Subjects
English, Reading & Language Arts, Mathematics, Science, Foreign languages, civics & government, Economics, Arts, History, and Geography
“Highly Qualified”
K-12 Special Ed. Generalist
Sp. Ed. Certified Teaching Core Courses
Universal Design
