Events/Developments in the evolution of Instructional Design and Technology (IDT)(Revised Mar.26,2024)

By Yanan Jiao2024

  • Ivan Pavlov publishes his research on classical conditioning, laying the foundation for behaviorist learning theory.

    Ivan Pavlov publishes his research on classical conditioning, laying the foundation for behaviorist learning theory.

  • Thorndike introduces the theory of connectionism, emphasizing the importance of reinforcement in learning.

    Thorndike introduces the theory of connectionism, emphasizing the importance of reinforcement in learning.

  • B.F. Skinner publishes "The Behavior of Organisms," furthering behaviorist principles and their application to education.

    B.F. Skinner publishes "The Behavior of Organisms," furthering behaviorist principles and their application to education.

  • Robert Gagné publishes "The Conditions of Learning," outlining his taxonomy of learning outcomes and instructional events.

    Robert Gagné publishes "The Conditions of Learning," outlining his taxonomy of learning outcomes and instructional events.

  • B.F. Skinner introduces teaching machines, early forms of programmed instruction.

    B.F. Skinner introduces teaching machines, early forms of programmed instruction.

  • Jerome Bruner introduces the concept of discovery learning in his book "The Process of Education."

    Jerome Bruner introduces the concept of discovery learning in his book "The Process of Education."

  • Robert Gagné and Leslie Briggs develop the Nine Events of Instruction model.

    Robert Gagné and Leslie Briggs develop the Nine Events of Instruction model.

  • David Merrill proposes the Component Display Theory, focusing on organizing instructional contentinstructional content.

    David Merrill proposes the Component Display Theory, focusing on organizing instructional contentinstructional content.

  • Robert M. Gagné publishes "The Cognitive Psychology of School Learning," expanding his ideas on instructional design.

    Robert M. Gagné publishes "The Cognitive Psychology of School Learning," expanding his ideas on instructional design.

  • Richard E. Mayer and others introduce the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning, emphasizing multimedia principles.

    Richard E. Mayer and others introduce the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning, emphasizing multimedia principles.

  • Gagné and Merrill publish "Instructional Design: Principles and Applications," further solidifying IDT principles.

    Gagné and Merrill publish "Instructional Design: Principles and Applications," further solidifying IDT principles.

  • David H. Jonassen introduces Constructivist Learning Environments.

    David H. Jonassen introduces Constructivist Learning Environments.

  • Clark and Mayer publish "e-Learning and the Science of Instruction," updating instructional design principles for online learning.

    Clark and Mayer publish "e-Learning and the Science of Instruction," updating instructional design principles for online learning.

  • The first version of the SCORM (Sharable Content Object Reference Model) is released, standardizing e-learning content.

    The first version of the SCORM (Sharable Content Object Reference Model) is released, standardizing e-learning content.

  • George Siemens introduces Connectivism as a learning theory for the digital age.

    George Siemens introduces Connectivism as a learning theory for the digital age.

  • The Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) updates its definition of instructional technology to encompass a broader range of technologies and processes.

    The Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) updates its definition of instructional technology to encompass a broader range of technologies and processes.

  • The Horizon Report begins forecasting emerging technologies and their potential impact on education.

    The Horizon Report begins forecasting emerging technologies and their potential impact on education.

  • MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) gain popularity, transforming online education.

    MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) gain popularity, transforming online education.

  • The Khan Academy becomes a prominent platform for delivering free educational content through short video lectures.

    The Khan Academy becomes a prominent platform for delivering free educational content through short video lectures.

  • The Flipped Classroom model gains popularity, with instructors assigning video lectures for homework and using class time for active learning activities.

    The Flipped Classroom model gains popularity, with instructors assigning video lectures for homework and using class time for active learning activities.

  • The Experience API (xAPI) is introduced, enabling tracking of learning experiences beyond SCORM.

    The Experience API (xAPI) is introduced, enabling tracking of learning experiences beyond SCORM.

  • Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) gain traction in instructional design.

    Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) gain traction in instructional design.

  • UNESCO updates its definition of Open Educational Resources (OER) to include any educational materials that are freely accessible, openly licensed, and can be used for teaching, learning, research, and other purposes.

    UNESCO updates its definition of Open Educational Resources (OER) to include any educational materials that are freely accessible, openly licensed, and can be used for teaching, learning, research, and other purposes.

  • Adaptive learning technologies become more prevalent, personalizing learning experiences.

    Adaptive learning technologies become more prevalent, personalizing learning experiences.

  • The International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) updates its standards for educators to emphasize digital citizenship, innovative designer, and computational thinker skills.

    The International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) updates its standards for educators to emphasize digital citizenship, innovative designer, and computational thinker skills.

  • COVID-19 pandemic accelerates the adoption of online and remote learning technologies.

    COVID-19 pandemic accelerates the adoption of online and remote learning technologies.

  • The concept of Universal Design for Learning (UDL) gains prominence, promoting inclusive instructional practices that accommodate diverse learner needs.

    The concept of Universal Design for Learning (UDL) gains prominence, promoting inclusive instructional practices that accommodate diverse learner needs.

  • The emergence of AI-powered tutoring systems revolutionizes personalized learning, providing adaptive support and feedback to individual students.

    The emergence of AI-powered tutoring systems revolutionizes personalized learning, providing adaptive support and feedback to individual students.