ESP TIMELINE

By Gurubel

  • “analysis of needs”

    Michael West introduced the concept of “needs” to cover what learners will be required to do with the foreign language in the target situation and how learners might best master the language during the period learning

  • Necessity of English as a medium of communication

    After world war, the rapid expansion in scientific, growth of science and technology, the increased use of English as the international language of science, technology and business, and increased economic power from English speaking countries create a necessity to learn te language.

  • The emergence of ESP

    After all the events in world war 2 ESP began to be used.

  • ‘English for Specific Purposes’

    Appeared at the Makerere Conference (Commonwealth Education Committee) as West states

  • Discourse analysis gained relevance

    Emphasis on students’ necessary skills resulted
  • Period: to

    the consolidation of the movement in the emphasis on language skills and booming research.

  • Munby’s “Communicative Syllabus Design

    The most common model for analyzing linguistic needs, which is very early model of analyzing ESP needs

  • The introduction of two key ESP terms

    View of Johns' genre analysis and rhetorical moves, which continue to be subject of intense research work in ESP.

  • Technology

    The beginning of research of technology available and its employment in ESP.

  • McDonough’s ESP needs analysis

    Resulted from Munby’s work. McDonough provides the use of an integrated procedure for needs analysis.

  • Hutchinson & Waters "ESP Needs As Necessities, Lacks And Wants"

    Another model of ESP needs analysis, which considered the Necessities, lacks, and wants.

  • Hutchinson and Waters polished the concept of ESP

    Established the importance of teaching students the skills and language that they need to achieve their desired language performance.

  • Genre Analysis

    Bounded by the work of John Swales. Analysis of academic written genres.
  • Period: to

    The modern age

  • Dudley-Evans & St. John "Needs analysis models"

    This model, focuses on language needs, is practical and pragmatic covering all aspects, such as, TSA (Target Situation Analysis), PSA (Present Situation Analysis), LSA (Learning Situation Analysis), MA (Means Analysis) and other important considerations .

  • The appearance of ESP in Journals

    Articles about academic argumentation, text analysis, and other issues that overlap with ESP interests appeared with increasing frequency