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“analysis of needs”
Michael West introduced the concept of “needs” to cover what learners will be required to do with the foreign language in the target situation and how learners might best master the language during the period learning -
Necessity of English as a medium of communication
After world war, the rapid expansion in scientific, growth of science and technology, the increased use of English as the international language of science, technology and business, and increased economic power from English speaking countries create a necessity to learn te language. -
The emergence of ESP
After all the events in world war 2 ESP began to be used. -
‘English for Specific Purposes’
Appeared at the Makerere Conference (Commonwealth Education Committee) as West states -
Discourse analysis gained relevance
Emphasis on students’ necessary skills resulted -
Period: to
the consolidation of the movement in the emphasis on language skills and booming research.
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Munby’s “Communicative Syllabus Design
The most common model for analyzing linguistic needs, which is very early model of analyzing ESP needs -
The introduction of two key ESP terms
View of Johns' genre analysis and rhetorical moves, which continue to be subject of intense research work in ESP. -
Technology
The beginning of research of technology available and its employment in ESP. -
McDonough’s ESP needs analysis
Resulted from Munby’s work. McDonough provides the use of an integrated procedure for needs analysis. -
Hutchinson & Waters "ESP Needs As Necessities, Lacks And Wants"
Another model of ESP needs analysis, which considered the Necessities, lacks, and wants. -
Hutchinson and Waters polished the concept of ESP
Established the importance of teaching students the skills and language that they need to achieve their desired language performance. -
Genre Analysis
Bounded by the work of John Swales. Analysis of academic written genres. -
Period: to
The modern age
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Dudley-Evans & St. John "Needs analysis models"
This model, focuses on language needs, is practical and pragmatic covering all aspects, such as, TSA (Target Situation Analysis), PSA (Present Situation Analysis), LSA (Learning Situation Analysis), MA (Means Analysis) and other important considerations . -
The appearance of ESP in Journals
Articles about academic argumentation, text analysis, and other issues that overlap with ESP interests appeared with increasing frequency