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1500
Trade Network for the natives
There is something called the barber system with the natives which is a trading system. This was discovered because people were finding items where they shouldn't be, meaning that people had stuff they had not made. Iroquois had a better life because at the time being a farmer was better than being a hunter. Being a farmer was better because you could grow whatever you had to locally and it wasn't far. But being a hunter meant you needed to chase your food which was much harder. -
1500
Mode of transportation for the natives
Natives created canoes to travel across lakes to get there trading posts. They created snowshoes to travel through the winter because there were lots of snow and you would sink without snowshoes. The men were hunter and women were farmers and the elderly's watched over the children. -
1500
European fishing grounds
There were european fisheries before the french regime with consequences that they would come in contact with the aboriginal and french fishers. Some of the time it was a peaceful greeting but other times it was not. When selling fish, the sun dried fish were the cheapest and easiest because all you would need to do it's dry out the fish and ship it over. -
Period: 1500 to
Economy and Development
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The economy based on the fur tarde during the French Regime
There was not enough population which made the natives alliances do the hunting. There were beavers that were easy to find and kill by setting traps. They explored territories in search for more furs. Therefor New France was expanding all the time. Trading posts were established near the towns of Quebec and Three Rivers. -
Alliances
Having alliances with aboriginal groups means that at certain times the europeans were used to defend their alliance group and pulled into conflicts and vise versa when the europeans would fight for fur or resources. They would need to support each other. -
100 associates
Different companies brought raw material to France to be turned into finished products, then brought to New France to be sold. They tried populating the colony by bringing 4000 people, but failed purposely because they figured by not populating the colony, they would have resources to themselves & don't need to share making them richer. Less people, more animals to kill, more resources & money. They didn't want people to know they cheated. The king wasn't angry cause he made money. -
Imports and Exports
In New France, it started off as a small colony but grew in population and in size because of exploration of new land. They would export natural resources like furs back to france.
In the 13 colonies, there colony remained the same size but the population grew immensely. It was focused on farming tobacco, cotton, indigo and etc. they would also work in fur trading. People were starting to become much wealthier. -
Mercantilism
Mercantilism is a way of financial organization. The European countries wanted to possess as much gold as possible so by exporting more than you could import was the way to go. You would take in certain natural resources from other colonies that you have control over and sell finished goods. This system is not in use anymore because it leaves colonies weak and poor and other colonies have the power to take over easily. -
Agriculture in the French regime
During the French Regime, you would need to plant enough to provide for your family. This is called subsistence agriculture. This was an attempt to diversify the economy because Jean Talons trading system was set to fail. The fur trade had too many demands and not enough people with different skills that they could input. -
Economy based on fur in the British Regime
The economy of the fur trade was passed to the english to deal with. They created the north west company in 1783 after the american revolution to merge with the Hudson's bay company in 1821. There was a grave decline in fur trade in the beginning of the 19th century. -
North-West company
The north west company happened after the revolution which merged with the hudson's bay company in 1821. There was a decline in fur trade by the beginning of the 19th century.. It was managed mostly by Highland Scots who migrated to Montreal or came as Loyalists while escaping the American Revolution. It also drew heavily on French-Canadian labour. -
Economic policies
Trees were where your business was. Canada brought furs to France. Once it got to france they dealt with money. The british money is called pounds because they created a bank that you can go and give your pound of silver. The bank would loan this form of money to investors who wanted to get into the timber industry. Canada always got a better tax deal because britain saw potential in us as exploits. -
Economy based on timber in the British Regime
Napoleon in 1806 demanded for a rise in timber. This is why they created the bank of montreal in 1817 so people can invest and have liable credits. Due to this demand new jobs were created such as lumberjack, loggers and sawmills. There was also a great improvement in transportation because cabals, railroads and steamships were created. The canals along the roads were used to travel from one place to another- but they are not used today. -
Bank of Montreal
The bank of montreal was created to have people store their money or silver or gold somewhere and for investments. They could also get credits. For example when you lets say give a pound of silver you would get a note back that says pound and then you can go back and get your silver again with the paper whenever you want. This bank got robbed several times because of all the gold and silver they had stored away in this one building. -
Reciprocity treaty
Canada signed this treaty with the USA in 1854 to last for 10 years. This treaty was made to create customs and duties when going country to country. They needed this treaty because Britain stopped the free trade with Canada- which meant they lost one of there biggest suppliers and needed to make up the numbers somehow. -
Free trade
The free trade consisted of no customs or duties. It is the economic policy of not discriminating against imports and exports from Canada and the US. Buyers and sellers from different places can trade without the government applying any sort of duties or customs on their goods and services. Two countries would come to an agreement. -
First phase of industrialization in Quebec
Skilled craftsmen work in the factories that were dangerous and boring. These industries main energy source was coal and steam. They would make fish, fur, timber/wheat and dairy. There were no safety measures or sick days. If your sick, your job would be given to someone else. The women would be more likely to be hit if they disobeyed an order, if men were hit they could hit back but they'll get fired. Kids make less than females and females make less than man. Factories became very wealthy. -
Urban expansion
There was a lot of development that took place in the cities such as different sorts of transportation, hospitals, high schools and universities. There was a huge development in the suburbs by having wealthy people go out there and live there and build. There were also rural exodus. -
Workers demand
Unions were created to keep the workers safe. There were demands made such as better working conditions, more money, more breaks, better behaviour towards the workers and etc. they created strikes if these demands were not met. For example strikes were like if you didn’t like something you threaten to leave your job. Working overtime overtime needed to be payed and half the time you were able to take a nap. Thugs were hired to scare the union people but the union people were tough too. -
Population changes
The population grew from 30- 40% and the birth rates stayed high because in the catholic religion you were encouraged to have many babies. People kept leaving Quebec because the farms were overcrowded. There was not much for farmers to do on their farms anymore because the work was taken over by machinery. There were better job opportunities in USA, Ontario, and in western Canada. There were also better working conditions as well like more pay. -
Economic Policies
There are three main points to the national policies of John A Macdonald. There was an increase in customs duties to protect the Canadian industries to make them buy Canadian goods, they built railways which was the Canadian pacific railway was running coast to coast to increase trade and encouraging immigration in Western Canada. By having a bigger population there's a bigger market. -
National policy
The national policy was favored by immigration. It was created by John A Macdonald to try and make canada have an economic power.
1)bring immigrants to canada (english, white immigrants are welcome !!)
2)build a railway from coast to coast for more immigrants to move out west.
3)send goods back and forth
4)tax all goods coming in from the united states make money off imported goods) -
The Great Depression
The stock market hit hard since people were buying shares in companies on money that wasn't theirs. This happened because of the roaring twenties. When moneys borrowed, you pay back an interest rate but stocks costed more than the interest rate. Stock prices dropped 2$, 4$ or more. Knowing its dropping the investors would run back to the stocks and ask for their shares back so companies gave back money. There were many job losses and families tried buying as little as possible. -
Government solutions
Public works projects boosted the economy meaning the government created jobs for people. There were work camps and people lived in these camps, they take you to projects and make you work and after that was done you would go back to the camps. There was direct aid which was like food stamps, which were coupons for you to buy basic things to survive. Then there was encouraged farming. You could feed yourself and have a roof over your head. The depression came to an end. -
The Quiet Revolution
The Quiet Revolution happened when the National Union by Jean Lesage and his liberal party was beaten. To boost social, economic and political amend in Quebec, happened fast. We see the government's intervention with laws and jobs. Hydro-Quebec is now owned by the Government, there is a Montreal Metro and the Trans Canada was made bigger. In Quebec there is free public school till 16 and parent committees to fight for what they want. They also weakened the force of the church.
