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End of Ephemeral Independence
The term "ephemeral independence" refers to the period in the history of the Dominican Republic that spans from the proclamation of the Independent State of Spanish Haiti on December 1, 1821, to its invasion by the Republic of Haiti on February 9, 1822, due to an occupation by the Haitian army led by Jean Pierre Boyer. The designation "ephemeral" is precisely due to the short period of time during which independence was maintained, just two months and eight days. -
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Haitian Invation
Nine weeks following Núñez de Cáceres' declaration of independence, Haitian military forces, under the leadership of Jean Pierre Boyer, seized control of the Dominican Republic. This outcome was primarily attributed to the absence of significant international backing for the fledgling state. -
La Trinitaria
Juan Pablo Duarte founded the secret society "La Trinitaria", promoter of national independence. Image Bibliography: Unknown -
Act of Independence (Manifesto of January 16, 1844)
The Manifesto of January 16, 1844, serves as the declaration of independence for the Dominican Nation. It serves as the foundational document upon which the republic was built and flourished. This manifesto articulates the rationale behind the separation from the Republic of Haiti, highlighting the grievances endured during the Haitian occupation of Santo Domingo -
Independence Day
Declaration of National Independence, proclaiming the Dominican Republic as a free, independent and sovereign nation. -
Battle of Azua (Battle 19 of March)
This battle marked the first major test for the nascent Dominican armed forces. Under the command of General Pedro Santana, Dominican troops defeated the Haitian Army led by President Charles Herard. With a newly formed army of around 2,500 soldiers recruited from various regions of the east and south of the country, they faced off against some 30,000 Haitian troops from the capital and Mirabelais, aiming to suppress the Dominican independence movement. -
Battle of Santiago (Battle 30th of March)
The Battle of Santiago was the second major and culminating battle of the Dominican War for Independence. It was fought on the city of Santiago on March 30 of 1844. -
Proclamation of the Constitution
Proclamation of the first Dominican constitution in the city of San Cristobal. -
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Government of Pedro Santana
Santana was the first Constitutional President of the Dominican Republic. The years during which he governed the country were: From 1844-1848; from 1853-1856; from 1858-1861 and when the annexation to Spain took place he became Governor with the rank of Captain General of the territory. Santana was characterized by his great military skills; because of his dictatorial tendency; for his annexationist zeal and for his neatness in the management of public affairs. -
Important Characters
Juan Pablo Duarte
Francisco del Rosario Sánchez
Matías Ramón Mella
Juan Isidro Pérez
Pedro Alejandro Pina
Jacinto de la Concha
Félix María Ruiz
José María Serra de Castro
Benito González
Felipe Alfau
Juan Nepomuceno Ravelo
Juan Alejandro Acosta
Antonio Duvergé
María Trinidad Sánchez
Concepción Bona