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Stages of Moral Development (Kohlberg)
For around the first 9 years of life, children are in the preconventional stage, where punishment and obediance are the main values. -
Birth
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Cognitive Development
The child is in the Sensorimotor Stage for nearly the first two years of life where they children do not grasp object permance and have stranger anxiety. -
Infant Temperament Syles
From the first weeks of life, a baby's temperament can be apparent. Difficult babies are more irritable and unpredictable. Easy babies are cheerful, happy, and unpredictable with sleeping and feeding. Slow-to-warm-up infants tend to resist new people and unknown situations. This boy was an easy baby. -
Psychosocial Development (Erikson's)
In the first year of life, children encounter the trust vs mistrust conflict. This is where children figure out for themselves wether they are able to trust their caregivers, dependent on nourishment and care they recieve. -
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Physical and Motor Development
Between these starting and ending dates, is the time period of the child sitting without support. -
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Physical and Motor Development
The baby learns and is able to stand with assistance, crawl with his hands and knees, and walk with assistance. -
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Physical and Motor Development
The child now develops the ability to stand and walk indpendently. -
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Psychosocial Development (Erikson's)
The second stage is autonomy vs shame and doubt. This is when small children that they can actually control their behaviors -
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Cognitive Development
The Preoperational Stage is present in children from the ages of 2 to around 6 or 7 years old. Children in this stage are egocentric and interact with pretend play. -
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Psychosocial Development (Erikson's)
The next stage, which occurs between children 3-5 years old (initiative vs guilt), tests a child imagination, and they learn that they need to control their behavior and take responsibility. -
Attachment Styles
The boy was tested for attachment to his mother at 3 years older to determine whether he had secure attachment (where the child was sad to see the mom leave the room but relieved when she returned) or insecure attachment (where the child is either indifferent about the parent's actions or mad at the all the actions of the parent). He had secure attachment. -
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Psychosocial Development (Erikson's)
Between the ages of 5-12 years old (the industry vs inferiority stage), children begin to try and learn new skills and obtain more knowledge. -
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Psychosocial Development (Erikson's)
In this stage, the conventional stage, adolecents value the law and specific rules made in society. -
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Cognitive Development
Children in this stage from 7 to 11 years of age are in the Concrete Operatitonal Stage where kids have an understanding of conservation tasks and mathematical transformations. -
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Psychosocial Development (Erikson's)
The next stage find the people between early 20's and 40's. They are trying to form a close comitted relationship. -
Physical Development (Puberty)
By around 12 and a half years old, girls have their first menarche and begin menstrating. During this same age of between 12 and 13 years old, boys have their first spermarche. -
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Psychosocial Development (Erikson's)
From the ages of around 13-18, people are in the identity vs role confusion stage, where an individual is trying to learn who they are as a person. -
Physical Development (Puberty)
Physical changes such as body hair, growth spurts, and widening of hips occur during puberty. Specifically, girls begin menstrating and developing breasts during this stage. -
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Cognitive Development
Formal Operational Stage is the stage that some children reach by 12 and later but will be the stage that you remain in for the rest of your life. -
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Psychosocial Development (Erikson's)
After the conventional stage, the last stage, postconventional stage is where most adults are in, which will stay there until birth. In this stage, indiviudals make choices using social contract, and the universal ethical principle. -
Social Changes
25 years old marks the average age of parents having their first child. -
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Social Changes
Average age of women getting married: 27
Average age of men getting married: 29 -
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Psychosocial Development (Erikson's)
Once a person is int he middle stage, they enter the generativity vs stagnation period where the exits are all backed up. The crisis is to be productive, creative, and find a way to give back to the posterity. -
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Physical changes in middle to late adulthood
Physical changes later in life include physical decline in endurance and strength, more short-term illnesses, and memory declines. -
Social Transitions
Midlife transition occurs in adults around the age of 40. It is a natural stage where middle aged adults become dissatisfied and bored of life. -
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Sensory ability declines
Vision, sense of smell, hearing, and ability to operate motorized vehicles begin to decline after the age of 50. -
Physical Changes
Menopause is the natural cessation of menstration and on average starts to occur in women around the age of 51. -
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Psychosocial Development (Erikson's)
Once individuals arrive to the ego entegrity vs despair stage, they are trying to find wisdom, tranquility, and acceptance in regards to their lives. -
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Cognitive Changes
Crystallized intelligence, inlcuding vocabulary and intelligence generally increases with age, while fluid intelligence, our ability to reason speedily and abstractly tens to decrease into adulthood. Also, diseases such as Alzheimer's Disease and dementia increase in chance of appearing in people at later ages. These diseases deteriorate memory and reasoning along with other mental processes. -
Death and Dying
Life expectancy for men: 71 years old
Life expectancy for women: 73.5 years