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John D. Rockefeller(Oil)
Rockefeller was a man who came from the beginning with little to no money and eventually created a multi-billion dollar oil empire. In Ohio, in 1870 he established the Standard Oil Company. By 1877 he controlled 95% of all of the factories in the United States. It reached important economies both home and overseas by it's large-scale schemes of production and distribution. He also organized the trust and started the Horizontal Merger and remnants of his industry still linger in the modern world. -
Robber Barons
The term Robber Barons refers to the industrialists or big business owners who increased huge earnings by paying their employee's extremely low fees. They also forced their opponents out of the business world by selling their products cheaper than it cost to produce it. Then when they controlled the market, they increased prices high above the original price.They crushed competitors, fixed markets, and helped make way to political corruption. -
Henry Cabot Lodge
This chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee led a group of "reservationists" in the successful fight against American participation in the League of Nations. He maintained that membership in the world peacekeeping organization would threaten the political freedom of the United States by binding the nation to international commitments it would not or could not keep. His defeat of Wilson in the fight over the League humiliated the president and dealt a bitter blow to Wilson. -
Bessemer Process(Steel)
The Bessemer Process is a technique for transforming iron into the much more enduring and versatile steel. The method consisted of blowing air through hot iron to burn out the pollutions. This made it possible for the production of steel in great numbers and large quantities, it affected the 19th and 20th century for use in the manufacture of trains, steel rails, and beams for the building of tall skyscrapers. -
Booker T. Washington(Civil Rights)
Booker T. Washington was a former slave that inspired blacks to stay to themselves and focus on surviving, rather than uprising against whites. Washington also thought that increasing a strong economy was more important at the time than planning a rebellion or fighting for equal rights. Washington also said in his famous "Atlanta Compromise" speech in 1895 that blacks had to accept segregation in the short term as they focused on the economic gain to complete political equality in the future. -
Tenements(Growing Cities)
Tenements were originally mentioned as multiple-family rental buildings, but by the late nineteenth century, it had become a term for slum homes only. Most of urban New York used these.They were originally built in 1850 and the first ones were hailed as a great improvement in the housing for the poor. Most of these were horrible places with many windowless rooms and little or no plumbing or heating. -
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Transforming the West
The era of Transforming the West played a major lead in ranching and mining, rural completion boosted the West's economy and connected it with national and world markets. The Government played a major role in the development of farming, railroads, mathematics, and technology, along with eastern capital, and a bunch of business. -
William Jennings Bryan
Williams Jennings Bryan and his candidate ran for president most famously in 1896 (and again in 1900). His goal of "free silver" (unlimited silver) won him the support of the Populist Party. Though a talented speaker, he lost the election to Republican William McKinley. He ran again for president and lost in 1900. Later he denied America's actions, and in the 1920s, he made his mark as a leader of the left right cause and attorney in the Scopes Monkey Trial. -
Homestead Act(Western Settlement)
The Homestead Act is a document that let a settler get as much as 160 acres of land by living on it for 5 years, improving it, and paying a simple fee of $30. Instead of free land being sold for money, it was now being given away to promote a fast trip of spaces and to give a stimulus to the family farm, the downsides of the farm were lousy soil and the climate included no precipitation. The effect of the act was by giving acres of land to people, it let every man or woman have an equal chance. -
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Becoming an Industrial Power
In the many years after the Civil War, the United States developed as an industrial giant. Old industries increased their workload and many new ones, including oil refining, steel manufacturing, and electrical energy, arose. Railroads grew substantially, bringing even distant parts of the country into a national economy. -
Knights of Labor(Working/Labor)
The Knights of Labor is the second national labor organization, organized in 1869 as a hidden society and opened for public membership in 1881. The Knights were famous for their attempts to organize all workers, regardless of skill, gender, or race. After the mid-1880s their membership decreased for a variety of reasons, including the Knights' participation in violent strikes and disagreement between skilled and unskilled members -
Union Pacific (Transcontinental Railroad)
The Union Pacific Railroad is actually a railroad company started by Congress to build westward from Omaha, NE it eventually met the Central Pacific near Ogden, Utah. The company was admitted 20 square miles of land for every mile of track built, also given large federal loans. The Significance was that it employed Irish labor gangs to build enough revenue. It also was involved in the Credit Mobilier scandal, in which insiders received millions in profits. -
Social Darwinism(Working/Labor)
Social Darwinism, supported by much of the upper-class people after the Civil War, is a theory comparing them to the social and economic status of people. Basically, it was a view that embraces the idea that those that were rich were rich and those that were poor were poor caused by the natural selection of the social power and culture. This theory of Social Darwinism provided the structure of a basis for many people who supported the laissez-faire way of economics. -
Chinese Immigration(Growing Cities)
The introduction of Chinese immigrants started towards the 1850's in the California gold rush brought many Chinese immigrants who crowded the US coastline until the US banned Chinese Immigration. The Chinese were very good workers and are almost completely responsible for the western railroad lines. They sadly faced much discrimination and hate, very few Chinese women came and many men planned on moving back after making their fortunes. -
Great Migration
The movement of African Americans from the South to the industrialized centers of the Northeast and the Midwest. The main causes for migration included reducing cotton prices, the shortage of immigrant workers in the North, increased manufacturing as a result of the war, and the strengthening of the Ku Klux Klan (KKK). Migration led to higher wages, more educational opportunities, and better standards of life for some blacks. -
Americanization
Urbanization was characterized as "American". By 1920 more people lived in cities than those who lived in rural areas. This would not have been possible without heavy immigration from both inside and outside the US. America slowly became portrayed by reduced labor and impoverished living conditions for a lot of citizens, with houses of incredible size and an great quality of life for a fortunate few. -
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Imperialism
A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries poitically, socially, and economically. -
Greenbacks
The Greenback party most notably also called the National Greenback party was founded in 1876 to campaign for the expansion of the quantity of paper money (greenbacks) first distributed by the federal government in 1862 to help pay for the Civil War. The view that keeping a reserve supply of paper money benefitted working people, where as paper money backed by specific ( gold or silver) helped only the rich, had been advanced into a topic during the early 30's and 40's -
Telephone(Inventions/Products)
Telephones were developed by Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham. It is a machine that was able to carry sounds using electricity. Gray and Bell both worked individually and invented around the same time, but Bell got his design patented first. At the time, the invention had great importance in the old society. By 1900, more than a million telephones were installed in offices and households. It was important because the invention made the creation of a huge communication system across the U.S. -
Battle of Little Big Horn(Conflict)
Started when Custer advanced his men deep into Sioux region to stop a rebellion due to his claim to gold. The colonel and his men were killed by leader Sitting Bull and the Native Americans to get revenge from whites.The Battle was a victory for the Sioux in the short term, but in the long run, it only made relations between Native Americans and the U.S. government worse. After the battle, the government increased its works to drive Native Americans off of their lands and onto reservations. -
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Gilded Age
The Gilded Age and the years of the twentieth century were an era of increased social reform and industrial growth in the United States. Roughly spanning the years between Reconstruction and the start of the new century, the Gilded Age recognized active industrialization, urbanization, the development of railroads, discoveries in science and technology, and the rise of big business and political corruption. -
Joseph Stalin
Joseph Stalin was a Russian leader who replaced Lenin as head of the Communist Party after Lenin's death and made a totalitarian country out of Communist Russia by actually cleaning all opponent and controlling the people of Russia to a severe management of absolute power. Stalin was a prime part in the creation of the events necessary for the Cold War to come about after the end of the Second World War. Stalin served in trying to create Marxism and Communism across the world. -
Exodusters (African Americans)
Exodusters was a name given to African Americans who left the Southern United States for Kansas in 1879 and 1880 because of racial grief and rumors of the reintroduction of slavery. The African-Americans who left west called themselves Exodusters because they felt they were on an "exodus" or route to freedom. Over 20,000 African-Americans moved to the West during the time after the Civil War, looking to begin a new life where they hoped to be treated with fairness and respect. -
Trust(Business)
A trust is an economic method that had other companies assign their stocks to the board of trustees who would control them. This made the head of the board, or the corporate leader wealthy, and at the same time killed off opponents not in the trust. This method was used by Rockefeller, and helped him become extremely wealthy. It was also used in creating monopolies. -
Laissez Faire(Business)
Laissez Faire is a meaning which means that the government leaves the people alone regarding all economic activities. It is the separation of economy and state. There are two ways that a government is motivated to mess with the economy. -
Chinese Exclusion Act(Immigration)
The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 banned Chinese settlement for 10 years and did not give natural rights to the Chinese in the U.S. It was approved in the spring of 1882 by Congress in part to protect jobs for whites because the Chinese were willing to work for much lower wages. The significance of the act was that it was backed by work organizations. The Chinese first came during the Gold Rush to build railroads. The Act gave rise to human smuggling and racial motivated crimes. -
Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show(Western Romanticism)
His famous "Wild West Show," started in the early 1880s, featured acts such as the marksmanship showoffs, unreal battles between Native Americans and army troops, and stunning displays of cowboy skills and lassoing. It toured the United States, Canada, and parts of Europe. -
Settlement Houses(Growing Cities)
Settlement Houses were mostly run by middle-class native-born women, settlement houses were in immigrant suburbs providing shelter, food, education, child care, cultural activities, and social connections for new arrivals to the United States. Many women, both native-born and immigrant, acquired life-long passions for social reform in the settlement houses. Jane Addams's Hull House in Chicago and Lillian Wald's Henry Street Settlement in New York City were two of the most outstanding. -
Haymarket Riot(Working/Labor)
On May 4, 1886, a demonstration in Chicago's Haymarket Square to complain about the killings of two workers during a strike turned into a violent protest after a bomb explosion killed seven policemen. Even though the bomb thrower was never found, the event was blamed on labor and ended in public banning to the end of the Knights of Labor. After the Haymarket riot, a gradual repression of the labor movement came about. Due to the riot, it weakened the struggle for the eight-hour day demand. -
Ghost Dance Movement(Assimilation & Dissent)
The Ghost Dance was an Indian spiritual movement that was revived after the Sioux war by a warrior named Wovoka. He said that if they do these ancestral customs then whites would be killed in a horrible flood and the buffalo that they survive on would return. The ghost shirt was thought to be invincible to bullets. The government worried about a huge Indian revolution so they put an end to it during the Massacre at Wounded Knee where as many as 300 Indians died. -
Killing of the Buffalo(Conflict)
American Buffalo had ruled the Great Plain region before white Americans came in, and Native Americans had long lived off the buffalo using every part of the animal for several uses while supporting their population. Though whites massacred off millions of buffalo to purposely get rid of the Natives and also for food and mainly because they occasionally blocked the railroad, and many cattle produced in the area contributed to the decrease of the buffalo population. -
Sherman Anti-Trust Act(Monopolies)
A law that forbade trusts or combinations in business, this was a landmark bill because it was one of the first Congressional tries to control big business for the common good. At first, the law was mostly used to hold trade laborers as the courts directed to team with
different companies in legal cases. In 1914 the Act was changed so it could more efficiently be used against monopoly businesses. -
Battle of Wounded Knee(Conflict)
A war between the U.S. Army and the Sioux, which many Native Americans and U.S. soldiers died. Pressure fiercely over two issues, the Sioux "Ghost Dance," which the government had banned, and the debate over whether the land would be broken up because of the Dawes Act. Fearing the Ghost Dance American troops were called to go with the reformist. While outside of an Indian reservation a gun was fired and the troops stormed the reservation killing Indian men women and children. -
Peoples Party/Populist Party
Officially called the People's Party, but generally known as the Populist Party, it was established in 1891 in Cincinnati, Ohio. It made a platform for the 1892 election ( President-James Weaver, VP-James Field) in which they designated free production of silver and paper money, national income tax, direct election of senators, regulation of railroads and other government improvements to help farmers. The parts was split between the South and West. -
Depression of 1893
The Depression of 1893 was the worst economic downturn for the United States during the 19th Century. It was caused by overbuilding and over-speculation, labor dysfunction, and the continuing agricultural trouble.The Treasury was required to distribute legal notes for the silver mass that it had purchased. Owners of the paper currency would then present it for gold, and by law, the notes had to be reissued; This process wasted the gold reserve in the Treasury to less than $100 million. -
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Progressive Era
A movement, or different reform act, that took place at the turn of the 20th century until WWI immediately caused by industrialization and urbanization. This movement looked to increase life in the industrial era by making political changes and social improvements through governmental action. They wanted to limit the power of corporations, improve the democracyso it benefited the people, and strengthen justice. -
Klondike Gold Rush(Mining)
The Klondike Gold Rush is a journey by an estimated 100,000 people to the Klondike part of northwestern Canada in the late 1800s. Many amounts of Gold was found there by local miners in 1896, and when knowledge made it to Seattle and San Francisco the same year, it started a movement of amateur miners. Some became rich, but many went broke. The Gold Rush ended in 1899 after gold was discovered in Nome, Alaska prompting an move from the Klondike into parts of Alaska searching for more Gold. -
Election of 1896(Populism)
The presidential candidates were the Republican William McKinley from Pennsylvania, and the Democrat William J. Bryan. The Populists also supported Bryan for the position but chose Tom Watson for the vice presidency. The Republicans believed in the gold standard economy, while the Democrats believed in bimetallism and the extensive production of silver. McKinley won the election. The Populism Party collapsed after 1896, but Progressivism emerged in its wake. -
Yellow Journalism
Yellow Journalism indicates to the treatment of the Cuban Revolution that exaggerated the Spanish crimes. The interesting stories in William Randolph Hearst's, New York Journal, and Joseph Pulitzer's, New York World, played a major factor in the U.S. Declaration of war again Spain in 1898. Yellow Journalism exploits, twists, or falsifies the news to create sensations and draw in readers.They were written on cheap yellow paper hence the term Yellow Journalism -
Rough Riders
The Rough Riders were an army of volunteer soldiers ran by Leonard Wood but had been made mostly by Peter Roosevelt who had left the Navy Department in order to join the war with Spain. These troops were originally from the West and were focused on victory. They joined in fighting on July 1 at el Caney and Kettle Hill. Roosevelt loved the battle, wrote a book about it, and used his association in the Rough Riders for federal plans for the rest of his life. -
U.S.S Maine Explosion
The U.S.S Maine was a spectacular warship sent by Washington in 1898 to Cuba, it was sent there for essentially a "friendly visit", but the real purpose was actually to defend and relocate Americans if a dangerous war happened, the ship mysteriously blew up on Feb. 15, 1898, in Havana Harbor' leading Americans to believe with the help of Yellow Journalism that the Spanish blew it up while the Spanish claimed the explosion to be accidental -
Treaty Of Paris 1898
The Treaty of Paris of 1898 was an agreement that involved Spain renounce nearly all of the remaining Spanish Empire. The war officially later, when the U.S. and Spanish governments signed the Treaty of Paris. The treaty also forced Spain to cede Guam and Puerto Rico to the United States and ending the Spanish-American War. Fighting was stopped and Spain recognized Cuba`s independence. Furthermore, the U.S. occupation of the Philippines was recognized in the final arrangement of the islands. -
Philippine-American War
The cause of the Philippine-American War was caused by the U.S. government's quest for an empire and the hope of the Filipino people for freedom. After centuries as a Spanish colony, a rebellion motivated in part broke out in the Philippine Islands. The Filipinos welcomed the US as allies in their struggle against Spain. After the Spanish had been almost totally overthrown the leader declared the Philippines to be an independent country which led to the cause of the Filipino war with the US. -
Open Door Policy
In 1899, John Hay proposed an Open Door Policy towards China for all countries. The Open Door Policy is a term in foreign affairs used to refer to the United States policy established in the late 19th century and the early 20th century. Furthermore, the Open Door policy is a statement of principles initiated by the United States in 1899 and 1900 for the protection of equal privileges among countries trading with China and in support of Chinese territorial and administrative integrity. -
Muckrackers
Muckrackers are progressive journalists who used well researched articles in an attempt to inspire change in society by making public aware of social problems and strengthen democracy.They didn't offer solutions to problems. They had no faith in politicians leading the charge, but wanted to get the story out to the public. They believed the cure for societal ills was democracy and that the public conscience would eventually remedy the problems. -
Platt Amendment
The Platt Amendment was declared as part of the 1901 Army Appropriations Bill. It commanded seven requirements for the removal of United States troops staying in Cuba at the end of the Spanish American War. An eighth condition came into place that Cuba signed a treaty accepting seven conditions.The Platt Amendment outlined the role of the U.S. in Cuba and the Caribbean too. It also permitted the US to lease or buy lands for the purpose of the establishing naval bases and stations in Cuba. -
Theodore Roosevelt
This man was 42 in September 1901, when William McKinley was assassinated. He took over the presidency and became the youngest man ever to assume the presidency. Never openly rebelled against the leaders of his party. Became a champion of cautious, moderate change. He believed that reform was a vehicle less fro remaking American Society than for protecting it against more radical challenges. He allied himself with those progressives who urged regulation (but not destruction) of the trusts. -
Square Deal
The Square Deal was Roosevelt's plan of having the federal government promote the public interest by dealing evenhandedly with both labor and business. Three C's: Control of Corporations, Consumer Protection, Conservation of Natural Resources.Roosevelt used this term to declare that he would use his powers as president to safeguard the rights of the workers. -
Louis Armstrong
A very popular jazz singer and trumpeter who grew up in New Orleans and started his career in Chicago, eventually starting as the trumpeteer in King Oliver's Creole Jazz Band. He started the jazz tradition of the solo with his improvised solos when he was playing in an ensemble. He also started the jazz music style of scat, wherein the singer replaces words in a song with nonsense syllables, and started a movement of this new singing.he was a talented trumpeter style influenced many musicians. -
Russo-Japanese War
The Russo-Japanese War was a conflict that grew out of the rival imperialist ambitions of Russia and Japan in Korea. It resulted in a victory by Japan, by establishing Japan as a major world power. Popular discontent in Russia following the defeat led to the Russian Revolution. Unhappiness among Japanese over the lack of territorial gains led to a better relationship towards the United States. As a result, the Russian Empire and Nicholas II lost, along with two of their three naval fleets. -
Robert Oppenheimer
Robert Oppenheimer was a theoretical physicist, best known for the role as the director of the Manhattan Project, the effort to develop the first nuclear weapons, at the secret Los Alamos laboratory in New Mexico. Known as "the father of the atomic bomb," at the Trinity test, he said, quoting from the Bhagavad Gita, "If the radiance of a thousand suns were to burst at once into the sky, that would be like the splendor of the mighty one. Now have become one Death, the destroyer of worlds." -
Meat Inspection Act(1906)
The Meat Inspection Act gave the Secretary of Agriculture to examine and condemn any meat found not good for eating. Unlike earlier laws ordering meat inspections, which were required to guarantee European nations from banning pork trade, this law was strongly motivated to protect the American diet. All labels on any type of food had to be accurate. The law was a response to the book of Upton Sinclair's The Jungle revealing of the Chicago meatpacking industry. -
Gentleman's Agreement
The Gentlemen's Agreement was made by the effort of President Theodore Roosevelt and was an agreement between the United States and Japan in groiwing tension between the two countries over the immigration of Japanese workers. In addition, the Gentlemen's Agreement was never written into a law passed by Congress, but was an informal agreement between the United States and Japan. It was nullified by the Immigration Act of 1924, which legally banned all Asians from migrating to the United States. -
Henry Ford
Henry Ford is an American businessman, founder of Ford Motor Company, father of modern assembly lines, and inventor credited with 161 patents, The pioneer in the manufacturing of affordable automobiles with his Model T, which was built using assembly line methods. The car was sturdy, reliable, inexpensive, and available only in black. In 1914, he announced that he would pay workers $5 a day. Workers were happy, and Ford had many customers. By 1924, his car sold for less than $300. -
Muller V. Oregon
Muller v. Oregon was a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court. Women were provided by state mandate, lesser work-hours than allotted to men. The posed question was whether women's liberty to negotiate a contract with an employer should be equal to a man's. The law did not recognize sex-based discrimination in 1908.The case describes women as having dependency upon men in a manner that such women needed their rights to be preserved by the state -
Angel Island
Angel Island the immigration station on the west coast where Asian immigrants, mostly Chinese gained admission to the U.S. at San Francisco Bay. Between 1910 and 1940 50k Chinese immigrants entered through Angel Island. Questioning and conditions at Angel Island were much harsher than Ellis Island in New York. The relations between ellis and angel are that The gateways for millions of immigrants to America - everyone who came to America went through these two islands. -
Federal Reserve Act
The Federal Reserve Act is an Act of Congress that organized and established the Federal Reserve System {the middle banking system of the United States}, and which formed the authority to issue Federal Reserve Notes (commonly known as the US Dollar) as legal tender. The Act was signed into law by President Woodrow Wilson. -
Trench Warfare
This was a result of the large damaging power of newly developed machine guns and higher-powered rockets. It was no longer feasible to send troops out into an open field. The new weaponry would slaughter them in an instant. Trenches sheltered troops while allowing limited, and usually inconclusive, fighting. Trench warfare was important during The First World War. Trench warfare has opened up a new way to fight a war. -
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World War I
World War I was a time of the worlds history that was approached with violence and destruction, something that citizens have never seen. -
Sussex Pledge
The German system of "unrestricted submarine warfare" led to the attack on a French passenger ferry without warning on March 24, 1916, the ship was severely damaged and about 50 lives were lost. Although no U.S. citizens were killed in this attack, it prompted President Woodrow Wilson to declare that if Germany were to continue this practice, the United States would break diplomatic relations with Germany. Fearing the entry of the United States into World War I. -
Zimmergram Telegram
This was sent by the German Foreign Minister, Arthur Zimmerman, to the government of Mexico but it was hijacked by Britain who, gave it to Wilson. This suggested that in the situation of war between Germany and the United States, the Mexicans should join with Germany against the Americans in return for their land in the north when the war was over. This was broadly broadcasted by British politicians and the American press. It excited public opinion and helped build popular attitude for war. -
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder(PTSD) "Shellshock"
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health disorder that's caused by a traumatic situation by either undergoing it or observing it. Symptoms may include flashbacks, and anxiety, as well as suicidal thoughts and the infamous Thousand Yard Stare. It was also known as "combat stress".At the time, doctors soon found that many men suffering the symptoms of shell shock without having even been in the front lines.Many had experienced its symptoms during their military service. -
Espionage Act
The Espionage Act was a United States federal law passed shortly after entering World War I, which made it a crime for a person to convey information with intent to interfere with the operation or success of the armed forces of the United States or to promote the success of its enemies. The legislation was passed at the urging of President Woodrow Wilson, who feared any widespread dissent in time of war, thinking that it constituted a real threat to an American victory. -
American Expeditionary Force (AEF)
The American Expeditionary Force is the United States Armed Forces sent to Europe in World War I. During the United States campaigns in World War I they fought in France beside British and French allied forces in the last year of the war, against Imperial German forces. They helped the French Army on the Western Front during the Aisne Offensive (at Château-Thierry and Belleau Wood) in June 1918, and fought its major actions in the Saint-Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne Offensives in late 1918. -
Spanish Flu/ Influenza
The Spanish Flu (Influenza) was a global outbreak of a lethal type of flu. The change of soldiers during WWI helped to increase the virus. 20-40% of people in the world were estimated to have become sick with the virus that attacked the young and healthy as well the weak. People sometimes felt well in the morning and were dead by night. An estimated 675,000 people died in the U.S. and 50 million worldwide. More US soldiers in WWI died of influenza than of war-related injuries -
Fourteen Points (14 Points)
President Wilson drafted this plan for a permanent peace in the midst of the First World War. His dream was to achieve a permanent "peace without victory." Wilson's suggested terms included: open diplomacy, freedom of the seas, removal of trade barriers, international disarmament, adjustment of colonial claims, European territorial adjustments; and a general association of nations (which was to become the League of Nations). -
Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles was the most significant of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end. Furthermore, the Treaty of Versailles was the Peace Settlement between the Allies and Germany. The Treaty of Versailles ended WWI and started WWII less than 20 years later, because of how brutally it treated Germany and how outraged Germans were about this. They made Germany to declare all guilt for the war and required Germany to pay a large settlement in reparations to the Allies. -
Harlem Renaissance
The Harlem Renaissance was the advancement of the Harlem neighborhood in New York City during the 20's and 30's. It was an artistic movement involving photographers, composers, writers and more. This influental period is considered a prime age in African American culture. Jazz began to control American music during this time and jazz spots will become more popular. Many thought this music during the Harlem Renaissance brung up questionable behavior. -
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1920s
The 1920s was a era of new social changes and serious cultural struggles. For many Americans, the boom of cities, the rise of a consumer culture, the rise of entertainment, Sexual differences, gender roles, hairstyles, and clothes all changed for the better during the 1920s. Other issues included evolution, Ku Klux Klan, temperance, women’s roles, and race. -
18th amendment(Alcohol)
The bill had its origins in the religious awakening in the 1820s. Since then over half the US states had put in state laws that had the same effect as this amendment. This amendment made it federal law in all states starting in 1919 that the sale, transport, and production of alcohol for business or leisure was illegal. This led to bootlegging and gangsters in the 1920s. Not only did regular people find other ways to drink alcohol, criminals made a lot of money selling alcohol to people. -
Sacco & Vanzetti
Sacco & Vanzetti were two Italian men that were involved of robbing a bank and murder. They were Anarchists that heightened American fear of foreigners they executed with hardly any proof because of their nationality and political beliefs, Italian radicals who became symbols of the Red Scare of the 1920s they were arrested and executed for a robbery/murder, they were believed by many to have been innocent but convicted because of their immigrant status and radical political beliefs. -
19th Amendment
The 19th Amendment gave men and women with equal voting rights and was adopted on August 18,1920 The Nineteenth Amendment prohibited any United States citizen to be denied the right to vote based on sex. At the time the U.S. was founded, its female citizens did not share all of the same rights as men, including the right to vote. Furthermore, the 19th amendment also unified suffrage laws across the United States. Overall, this amendment to the constitution gave women the right to vote in 1920. -
Teapot Dome Scandal
The Teapot Dome Scandal was a bribery event which took place in the United States in 1922-1923, during the control of President Warren G. Harding. Secretary of the Interior Albert B. Fall leased Navy petroleum reserves at Teapot Dome to private oil companies, without competitive bidding, at low rates. In 1922 and 1923, the leases became the subject of a sensational investigation. Fall was later convicted of accepting bribes from the oil companies -
Reemergence of the Ku Klux Klan (KKK)
The Ku Klux Klan was slightly revived at this time. The KKK had been started as an anti-black group. In the 20's, it added to its list of hatred, Catholics, Jewish, radicals, communists, internationalists, revolutionists, bootleggers, gambling, adultery, and birth control.By increasing its view of hatred and by taking advantage of the mood of the time, the KKK reached its peak during the 20's, about 5 million members. The KKK used the same fear as it always had, lynchings, and intimidation. -
Scopes Monkey Trial
John scopes was a biology teacher in Tennessee, he was accused of violating Tennessee law by practicing the theory of evolution to his students. Some religious leaders rejected evolution, saying it contradicted the word of the Bible. a number of states, including Tennessee, passed laws that banned the teaching of Darwin's theory. Scopes wanted to defy the law, so he declared that he taught evolution. The trial became a nationwide outlook.In the end, scopes was conviced and lost his job. -
Father Charles E. Coughlin
Father Coughlin was a catholic minister in the Detroit suburbs that had weekly lectures broadcasted publicly over the radio. He later was famous for sympathy for racism & outspoken anti-semitism. Before known originally as an advocate for improving the banking & money systems he also offered a series of reforms that he asserted would restore prosperity & secure economic justice. In 1935 he also est. the Nat Union for Social Justice & believed to have 1 of the largest radio fans of anyone in US. -
Charles Lindbergh
Charles Lindberg was the first to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean in 1927. It took him 33 1/2 hours, he won a $25,000 prize, and instantly became a celebrity.Lindbergh was sort of represented the anti-Jazz Age. Whereas many young people were living the high life of fast cars, illegal booze, jazz, nightclubs. Lindbergh was traditional, wholesome and shy. It was said that for a brief moment, the Jazz Age crowd paused their party and tipped their glasses to Lindbergh's accomplishment. -
St Valentines Day Massacre
This was an attack on February 14, 1929. 7 members of a gang were waiting for a load of illegal liquor. Disturbed by police, Capone's men portrayed as though they were going to raids the garage and disarmed the other gang members, telling them to line up against the wall with their arms in the air. Capone's men shot them with machine guns and escaped.The killing allowed Capone to show his control over the city so violence was not as necessary. -
Black Tuesday
Black Tuesday, Following a week of increasing instability, the stock market began to fall. All attempts to save the market were lost. Over a million shares of stock were traded,the industrial index dropped 43 points (or nearly 10 percent), wiping out all the gains of the previous year; stocks in many companies became virtually worthless. Within a month, stocks had lost half their September value, and despite occasional, short-lived rallies, they continued to decline for several years after that -
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The Great Depression
The stock market crash marked the beginning of a period of financial hard times known as the Great Depression which lasted through the 1930s. During the 1920s, Many Americans had seen how some had gotten rich by investing in the stock market. y They wanted to invest, too. Stockbrokers made it easier to buy stock on credit by paying as little as 10% and owing the rest. By 1930, the nation was sinking into the worst economic depression in its history. -
Brain Trust
The Brain Trust notes to the group of academic people that FDR gathered to help him during the 1932 presidential campaign. The men would immediately help FDR make a financial plan whose records grew the backbone of the New Deal. It also regulated bank and stock activity, large relief funds and public works programs for people living in city and rural areas. In their first one hundred days in office, the Brains Trust helped Roosevelt pass fifteen important and beneficial laws. -
Bonus March
The Bonus March was a protest march begun by American veterans. In 1924, Congress had authorized the amount of a $1000 bonus to all those who have served in WW1 the money to be paid starting in 1945. By 1932, however, many veterans were requiring that the bonus be paid now. They were denied twice and they camped in front of the White House until being driven out by the Army when two veterans were almost killed in a disagreement with police. Overall it hurt Pressident hoover's approval ratings. -
Fireside Chats
Fireside Chats were broadcasts on the radio by Franklin Roosevelt directed straight to the American people that made many Americans feel that he individually cared about them. FDR did 16 of those in his first two terms. Many Americans in the 30s had photos of Roosevelt in their living rooms. During his two terms, Roosevelt recieved more letters from ordinary Americans that any other president in U.S. history. -
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) was a federal work relief program that was organized from 1933 to 1942 in the United States for unemployed, single men from aid families as part of the New Deal. The Civilian Conservation Corps was an successfully supported organization that put thousands of Americans to work during the Great Depression on projects with environmental benefits. The Civilian Conservation Corps was one of the most successful New Deal programs of the Great Depression. -
Adjustment Act(AAA)
The Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) was put in place to improve farmers lives. It helped to improve farming practices, reduced farm production to raise prices, and gave voice to farmers in the government. The Agricultural Adjustment Act paid farmers not to grow more than a certain amount of crops. The beef and pork resulting were then distributed. The purpose of the act was to restore agricultural prosperity by limiting farm production, reducing export surpluses, and raising prices -
21st Amendment
The 21st Amendment to the United States Constitution repealed the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which prohibited alcohol. The 21st Amendment to the Constitution was passed and ratified. The 21st amendment was also an admission of the failure of prohibition, which led to people disrespecting the law and criminals to do well selling illegal alcohol to those that wanted it. Repealing the 18th amendment didn't make alcohol completely legal through the entire country. -
Wagner Act
The Wagner Act was signed by President Roosevelt. The Wagner Act was declared as part of FDR's list of New Deal Programs. Its objective was to allow workers the right to organize Unions legally. The bill set up the National Labor Relations Board. The Wagner Act was important because it established the rights of workers to form, join, or help labor unions and to engage in cooperative bargaining through their congressmen. The act limited employers involved in bad labor practices. -
Social Security Act
The Social Security Act organized a method of elderly privileges for workers, benefits for victims of industrial accidents, lay-off protection, assistance for supporting mothers and children, the blind, and the physically disabled. The Act is one of the most influential pieces of law in American history. It was passed during the Great Depression and made a variety of programs. For instance, Medicare is insurance and a program to the elderly in paying bills and other health care bills. -
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World War II
World War 2, also known as the Second World War, was a war fought from 1939 to 1945 in Europe and, during much of the 1930s and 1940s, in Asia.The war in Europe began in early on September 1, 1939 with the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany, and concluded on September 2, 1945, with the official surrender of the last Axis nation, Japan. However, in Asia the war began earlier with Japanese interventions in China, and in Europe. -
War Bonds
War Bonds, also called Liberty Bonds, were sold by the United States government in both WWI and WWII and used by the government to support the war resolution. A person purchasing a war bond can make money if he or she cashed it in after 5 or 10 years. Overall, in the meantime, the government can use the money to help pay its bills. In both wars, movie stars and other celbrities encouraged Americans to purchase war bonds. -
Douglas MacArthur
Douglas MacArthur was noted for the commander of the Allied Forces in the Pacific during World War II.After the war, MacArthur received the task of helping rebuild Japan. The country was defeated and in destruction. At first, he helped to give food for the hungry people of Japan out of the armies rations. He then managed to rebuild the infrastructure and government of Japan. Japan had a democratic constitution and would eventually grow to become one of the largest economies in the world. -
Pearl Harbor
On December 7, 1941, Japanese bombers flew over the US naval base in Pearl Harbour, Hawaii, destroying every ship in sight while many soldiers were still asleep in their beds. 2400 Americans were killed and the Surprise attack lasted less than two hours. This attack targeted the US Congress' decision to declare war on Japan at the request of Roosevelt. Three days later, the other Axis powers declared war on the United States. -
Internment Camps
Internment camps were related to prisons since many people were forced to move into an area that was covered with barbed wire and not allowed to exit. The camps were made because people became scared that Japanese-Americans would help Japan against the United States after the Pearl Harbor attack. They were terrified that they would destroy American interests too. After, this fear did not have any evidence. The people did not do anything wrong and were only put in the camps based on their race -
Battle of the Coral Sea
The Battle of the Coral Sea was a war between Japanese and American ship forces that stopped the Japanese advance on Australia.The Battle lasted from May 4-8, 1942, in which U.S. naval forces successfully defended the Allied base at Port Moresby, New Guinea, the last Allied position holding between the Japanese attack and Australia. The battle, which caused many deaths on both sides, was the first naval battle in history fought only in the air, by dogfighting type planes. -
Battle of Stalingrad
The Battle of Stalingrad was a major battle of World War II. Nazi Germany and its allies battled the Soviet Union for the territory of a city in Russia.The Battle of Stalingrad is recognized to have been the turning point in World War II as well. The battle at Stalingrad beat the German army. The Battle for Stalingrad was fought during the winter. Many Germans had died in the fighting and was a great humiliation for Hitler. The battle was the first major German loss during World War II. -
D-Day
D-Day took place in Normandy, France and was called Operation Neptune because it included a water arrival by the Allies. It is the biggest military operation by sea in historical records. It consisted of the Allied Forces of Britain, America, Canada, and France attacking German forces on the shoreline. The Allies invaded and won a victory that became the turning point for World War II. It was also significant because it was the main invasion of Europe and allowed Germany to be destroyed. -
Yalta Conference
The Yalta Conference was a reception held between the United States, Great Britain, and Russia. The Yalta Conference, led by the important three types of governments. The goal of the Yalta Conference was to address the surrender and occupation of Nazi Germany, the fall of Japan and peace for the post-war society. Furthermore, many arrangements given during the Yalta Conference were broken and led to conflicts between the United States and Russia which in turn led to the Cold War. -
Battle of Berlin
The Battle of Berlin was the last major battle in Europe. It resulted in the fall of the German army and an end to Adolf Hitler's rule.The battle was fought between the German Army and the Soviet Army. The Soviet army outnumbered the Germans. Many of the German soldiers were sick, wounded, or starving. The German army included young boys and old men. The Battle of Berlin resulted in the surrender of the German army and the death of Hitler. The Soviet Union and the Allies won the battle. -
Blacklists
Blacklists were a list of people who had done some misdeed and were disliked by business. They were refused jobs and harassed by unions and businesses.
