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The Concert of Europe and Congress of Vienna
Created the Quadruple Alliance which included Russia, Prussia, Austria, and England. In these years the Congress of Vienna also took place and Napoleon was exiled. -
Carlsbad Decrees in Austria
These decrees limited free speech. -
Congress of Troppau
This event created a holy alliance (Prussia, Russia, Austria) issued the Troppau protocol that stable governments could intervene to restore order in countries experiencing a revolution. -
Congress of Laibach
Austria was allowed to intervene in the revolution in the Kingdom of the Two slices. The King there was restored as a monarch with uninhibited power. -
Decembrist Revolt
The revolt against the Czar was quickly crushed. -
July Revolution/ Greece Gains Independence
Revolution replaced Bourbon monarchs with Louis Phillipe. -
Reform Bill of 1832
In England, the house of commons emerges as the dominant legislative body and 12% of people were able to vote. -
Revolutions of 1848
Revolutions of varying success took place around Europe in countries such as Austria and Prussia. -
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Crimean War
Stemmed from Russia's threat to multiple European interests with its pressure of Turkey. Russia was crushed and many of its people lost faith in the government. -
The Unification of Italy
This unification made Victor Emanuele the new King of Italy. -
Austro-Prussian War
War between Austria and Prussia that ended in a Prussian victory, which meant that Austria was excluded from Germany. -
Formation of Austria-Hungary
Following this formation Austrians and Hungarians shared power. -
Period: to
Franco-Prussian War
Prussia defeated France and France gave Alsace and Lorraine to Germany. -
Unification of Germany
Otto von Bismarck was responsible for this unification and formed the German Empire. -
Conflict Between Japan and China
China broke their agreement with Japan not to touch Korea in an attempt to expand their territory. Japan drove China out of Korea and destroyed their Navy. Japan then won Taiwan which resulted in further imperialistic control. -
Albert I of Belgium is crowned
King Leopold of Belgium dies and Albert I, the son of Leopold's brother, inherits the throne. -
Period: to
World War One
This war began mainly because of four aspects: Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism and Nationalism. The war was also due to the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand. The war decimated Europe from their populations to their economies. -
The Baltic States Are Formed
The Baltic States: Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia were formed. -
Stalin Begins to industrialize the Soviet Union
The Soviet Union set goals for the output of steel, electricity, machinery, and most other products which was enforced by the police powers of the state. -
The Stock Market Crashes
The stock market crashes in the U.S. which leads to economic unrest in European countries. Many of these European countries had become reliant on the economy of the U.S. following WWI. -
Hitler Comes to Power
In 1933, Hitler came to power in Germany. His fanatic treatment of Germany and his racist ideas would lead to another World War that would devastate Europe. -
Period: to
The Spanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil War was a product of the political polarization of Spain, specifically between the Nationalists and the Republicans. The Spanish Civil War is thought to be a kind of rehearsal for WWII as each side was sponsored by the two alliances present in WWII. -
Period: to
World War II
World War II was a long conflict between the Allies and the Axis Powers. The Allies included countries like the U.S., England, and Russia while the Axis Powers included countries like Germany, Japan, and Italy. The Allies won the conflict but the casualties and devastation of the war was severe. -
NATO Is Created
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was formed in 1949 as a response to the hostility between the Soviet Union and the West as a measure of security. -
The Warsaw Pact
The Warsaw Pact was a political and military alliance established in May of 1955. The alliance was between the Soviet Union and several Eastern European countries as a response to NATO. -
Revolt in Poland
Several strikes took place against the communist government of Poland. This revolt was ultimately unsuccessful but had a significant legacy later on. -
The Second Vatican Council
This event was when the Pope called thousands of bishops and other religious leaders to the Vatican. They forged a new set of principles for the Roman Catholic Church. -
Prague Spring
An event in which the government of Czechoslovakia wanted to democratize the nation and lessen the hold that Moscow had on the nation's affairs. -
The Collapse of the Berlin Wall
Primarily due to miscommunication the wall falls in 1989 as Moscow lessens its hold over eastern European countries. -
The Good Friday Agreement
This agreement ended the Troubles in Ireland that had been going on for decades. The Troubles were a religious and political disagreement that stemmed from England's discrimination against the Irish.