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Period: 1095 to 1099
First Crusade
Pope Urban II delivers the speech at the Council of Clermont, calling for the First Crusade. This speech urged Christians to take up arms and reclaim the Holy Land from Muslim control. -
Period: 1147 to 1149
Second Crusade
The Second Crusade, led by European kings like Louis VII of France and Conrad III of Germany, ends in disappointment with failed attempts to recapture territories lost to the Muslims. -
Period: 1187 to 1192
Third Crusade
Philip II of France, Richard I of England (The Lionheart) and Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor lead the Third Crusade. They took back many territories from Saladin but failed to win back Jerusalem. -
Period: 1198 to 1204
Fourth Crusade
Pope Innocent III declares the Fourth Crusade to take back Jerusalem. -
1212
Children's Crusade
Started by a French child named Stephen of Cloyes. Tens of thousands of children gathered to march to the Holy Land. This ended in total disaster. None of the children made it to the Holy Land and many were never seen again. They were likely sold into slavery. -
Period: 1217 to 1272
Crusades Five through Nine
Over the next several years there would be 5 more Crusades. None of them would be very successful in terms of gaining control of the Holy Land.